基于GIS的理县滑坡地质灾害风险性评价

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:39

本文选题：理县　切入点：滑坡地质灾害　出处：《成都理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：理县地处松潘-甘孜地槽褶皱系，浅变质岩广布，烈度高，降雨丰富，地震及暴雨触发的滑坡发育。2008年5月12日，四川省汶川县发生了8.0级大地震使得人民的生命财产和社会经济发展遭受巨大损失。本文研究区理县与汶川县相邻，是受这次地震灾害影响较为严重的县市之一，受灾人口4万余人，其中死亡105人、失踪28人、受伤1615人，直接经济损失达1226542万元。开展理县滑坡地质灾害风险性的研究符合理县滑坡地质灾害防治决策的需要，对于有效降低理县滑坡地质灾害所造成的人员伤亡和财产损失具有十分重要的现实意义。本文在野外实地滑坡调查和资料收集的基础上，以理县95处滑坡地质灾害作为研究对象，采用遥感影像解译、信息量法、层次分析法、ArcGIS软件等，对理县进行区域滑坡地质灾害风险性评价与区划，主要成果如下：（1）基于ArcGIS软件建立了理县滑坡地质灾害个人地理数据库。数据库包括自然地理背景、地质环境条件、地质灾害要素、风险性评价中间图层及风险性评价结果5个要素数据集，并将各要素录入相应的要素数据集中。通过数据库的建立可以更方便的管理、浏览、查询检索、统计和更新数据，为后期滑坡地质灾害统计分析、危险性评价、风险性评价奠定良好基础。（2）利用ArcGIS软件空间分析功能对理县滑坡地质灾害空间分布特征、时间分布特征及滑坡地质灾害形成条件和诱发因子进行统计分析。通过统计分析可知：①理县滑坡分布于杂谷脑河及其支流两侧；②汶川地震前发育滑坡47处，且多发生在每年5-9月份，震后新增滑坡点48处；③理县滑坡在坡度15°-30°之间敏感性最强,在坡向上理县滑坡在正北、正南向敏感性最强；④理县滑坡多发育在变质岩区；⑤构造和水系对滑坡发育的控制作用较为明显。（3）根据理县滑坡地质灾害形成条件和诱发因子的分析，选择坡度、坡向、地层岩性、构造、河流水系、降雨、地震、人类工程活动8个评价因子建立理县滑坡地质灾害危险性评价指标体系。运用信息量法确定评价因子内部各分级的信息量值，利用层次分析法确定各评价因子权重，最终在ArcGIS中完成各评价单元信息权的赋值。（4）使用ArcGIS软件的栅格计算器工具对各评价因子信息权值进行栅格计算，完成理县滑坡地质灾害危险性评价和区划，使用ArcGIS软件的统计分析功能对危险性区划结果进行了统计分析。（5）基于人口密度、公路密度和土地资源建立了理县滑坡地质灾害易损性评价指标体系。利用ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能完成了人口密度、道路密度的获取；使用ERDAS IMAGINE遥感软件对Landsat5TM遥感影像进行监督分类，，获取了理县土地利用现状。（6）使用ArcGIS软件的栅格计算器工具根据人口与财产的易损性拟合的经验公式：V=((FV_1+FV_2)/2)~(1/2)进行了各易损性评价因子的栅格计算，完成理县滑坡地质灾害易损性评价和区划，使用ArcGIS软件的统计分析功能对易损性区划结果进行了统计分析。（7）使用ArcGIS软件的栅格计算器工具根据“风险性=危险性×易损性”经验模型进行了危险性和易损性的栅格计算，完成理县滑坡地质灾害风险性评价和区划，使用ArcGIS软件的统计分析功能对风险性区划结果进行了统计分析。利用公式：X=(4×X_1+3×X_2+2×X_3+X4)/4完成了理县各乡镇风险指数的计算。
[Abstract]:The county is located in Songpan - Ganzi geosyncline, shallow metamorphic rocks are widely distributed, high intensity, abundant rainfall, earthquake and rainstorm triggered landslides in May 12th.2008, Sichuan County of Wenchuan province in the 8 earthquake makes people's lives and property and social economic development suffered huge losses. The adjacent Lixian County and Wenchuan County in this study area. Is one of the counties and cities affected by the serious earthquake disasters, the affected population of more than 4 people, including 105 deaths, 28 people missing, 1615 injured, the direct economic losses amounted to 12 billion 265 million 420 thousand yuan. We need to study the geological disaster risk Lixian landslide with reasonable landslide prevention decision of geological disasters, has a very important practical significance. To effectively reduce the geological disasters caused by landslides Lixian casualties and property losses.
Based on the field of landslide investigation and data collection, the Lixian 95 landslides geological disasters as the research object, the interpretation of remote sensing images, information method, analytic hierarchy process, ArcGIS software, Lixian to evaluate and risk of geological disaster of landslide. The main results are as follows:
(1) the geological disasters landslides Lixian personal geographic database is built based on ArcGIS software. The database includes natural geographical background, geological environment, geological disaster factors, risk assessment and risk assessment of the middle layer to the 5 elements of data set, and data elements the elements of the corresponding input concentration. Through the establishment of a database can be more convenient management, browse, query, statistics and update data, landslide statistics for later analysis, risk assessment, risk assessment and lay a good foundation.
(2) analysis function of Lixian landslide spatial distribution of geological disasters by using the software of ArcGIS space time distribution characteristics and geological disasters of landslide formation were analyzed and the induced factor. Through statistical analysis of landslide distribution in Lixian Zagunao River and its tributaries in two sides; the Wenchuan earthquake occurred before 47 landslides, and more 5-9 months after the earthquake occurred in the year, 48 points of the new landslide; landslide in Lixian slope between 15 DEG -30 DEG most sensitive to slope landslide, in Lixian County in the north, South to the strongest sensitivity; Lixian landslide developed in metamorphic rock area; tectonic system and control of landslide development is obvious.
(3) according to the county landslide formation conditions and inducing factor analysis, selection of slope, slope, lithology, structure, river water, rainfall, earthquake and human engineering activities of the 8 evaluation factors of geological disasters in Lixian landslide risk evaluation index system. To determine the amount of information within the value evaluation factor classification using information method, using the AHP to determine the weight of each evaluation factor, the final completion of the assignment of each evaluation unit information right in the ArcGIS.
(4) the use of ArcGIS software tools for grid computing grid calculator of each evaluation factor weights, complete risk assessment and regionalization of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the risk zoning results were analyzed.
(5) based on population density, road density and land resources, establish the evaluation index system of vulnerability of geological disasters in Lixian landslide. The population density function analysis using ArcGIS software, obtaining the road density; for Landsat5TM remote sensing image supervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE remote sensing software to obtain the status of land use in Lixian County.
(6) the use of ArcGIS software tools raster calculator based on the empirical formula of vulnerability fitting population and property: V= ((FV_1+FV_2) /2) ~ (1/2) of the grid vulnerability assessment factor calculation, complete vulnerability assessment and zoning of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the vulnerable zoning results were analyzed.
(7) the use of ArcGIS software tools based on raster calculator "risk = Hazard * vulnerability" experience model of the grid risk and vulnerability calculation, complete risk assessment and regionalization of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the risk zonation results were analyzed. The use of formula: X= (4 * X_1+3 * X_2+2 * X_3+X4) /4 finished the calculation of Lixian Township risk index.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P642.22

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