基于GNSS导航数据的电子地图道路数据更新方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:33

本文选题：电子地图 + GNSS　；参考：《成都理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的飞速发展，新技术在人们的日常生活中起的作用越来越大。电子地图(指一般的电子地图，包括PC机上进行浏览使用的电子地图、手机上所使用的电子地图和软件等，同时也支持定位和导航)和导航电子地图(主要是指用于车载导航系统中，能够为汽车等提供实时线路导航的电子地图)的应用也越来越广泛。人们的出行、旅游、周边购物等都对电子地图的依赖程度增强，通过电子地图能够快速找到感兴区，方便人们的生活。因此，如何快速高效实时的更新电子地图信息亦然成了一个热门话题。本文基于上述需求，以如何更新电子地图的道路数据为目的，，结合个人、客运公司或出租车公司等发送来的GNSS线路数据，在对这些数据进行处理之后，利用矢量电子地图、卫星影像或外界媒体报道及规划图等来判定所获得线路数据的真伪。最后，在开放电子地图中进行道路数据更新试验，验证了该方法的实用性和可操作性。本文拟解决的问题如下： 1)解决如何实时保持电子地图道路数据的现势性问题； 2)解决如何快速高效的更新电子地图的道路数据问题； 3)解决如何对所获取的线路数据进行准确识别与处理的问题； 4)解决如何能够低成本低投入的进行电子地图道路数据的更新问题。本文的主要研究内容如下： 1)电子地图更新数据源：常规电子地图一般采用地形图或卫星影像作为地图数据更新源，这些数据源要么现势性太差，要么成本过高，这给实时更新电子地图数据增加了难度和成本。本文以GNSS数据作为数据源能够大大节约更新难度和成本，且能提高生产效率； 2)筛选电子地图更新源数据：在获得GNSS线路数据后需要对数据进行筛选，结合原始道路电子地图、卫星影像或新闻报道将假数据或不合理数据剔除，留下满足要求可供电子地图更新的数据； 3)公路等级判定：结合所获得的GNSS线路数据能够对公路等级进行初步判定。通过线路的走向能够判断道路的车道数，通过各自的分道行驶能够判定道路中间是否有隔离，通过车速和车道数以及位置等信息能够判断道路的等级信息； 4)弯道处理：道路不是简单的直线，而是错综复杂纵横交错的路网。结合弯道的设计特点，提出了能够有效采集弯道数据的合理方法； 5)道路曲线拟合：道路不是以一条一条的折线组成，而是由直线或缓和曲线构成，故需对所获得的线路数据进行相应的曲线拟合，以使所生成的道路曲线能够更接近实际道路的线型； 6)道路数据更新：以开放电子地图作为数据更新试验对象，将所采集的符合道路更新要求的数据进行更新，并对比了更新前后的试验效果。试验表明，此法不但可行，而且能够满足实际的应用需求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, new technology plays a more and more important role in people's daily life.Electronic map (refers to the general electronic map, including the electronic map used for browsing on PC, the electronic map and software used on mobile phone, etc.)At the same time, it also supports positioning and navigation, and the application of navigation electronic map (mainly refers to the electronic map used in vehicle navigation system, which can provide real-time line navigation for vehicles) is becoming more and more widespread.People's travel, travel, shopping around all rely on electronic map increased, through the electronic map can quickly find Ganxing District, convenient for people's lives.Therefore, how to update the electronic map information quickly and efficiently also becomes a hot topic.Based on the above requirements, this paper aims at how to update the road data of the electronic map, combined with the GNSS line data sent by individuals, passenger transport companies or taxi companies, after processing these data, using the vector electronic map.Satellite images or external media reports and plans are used to determine the authenticity of the line data obtained.Finally, a road data update experiment in open electronic map is carried out to verify the practicability and maneuverability of the method.The problems to be solved in this paper are as follows:1) to solve the problem of how to keep the road data of electronic map in real time;2) how to update the road data of electronic map quickly and efficiently;3) how to identify and process the line data accurately;4) to solve the problem of how to update the road data of electronic map with low cost and low input.The main contents of this paper are as follows:1) Electronic map updating data sources: conventional electronic maps generally use topographic maps or satellite images as source of map data updating, which are either too current or too expensive.This increases the difficulty and cost of updating electronic map data in real time.In this paper, using GNSS data as data source can greatly reduce the difficulty and cost of updating, and improve the production efficiency.2) screening electronic map updating source data: after obtaining GNSS line data, we need to filter the data, combine with the original road electronic map, satellite image or news report to remove false data or unreasonable data,Leave data that meet the requirements for updating the electronic map;3) Highway grade determination: combined with the obtained GNSS line data, the highway grade can be preliminarily determined.The road lane number can be judged by the route direction, the road separation can be determined by the separate lane driving, the grade information of the road can be judged by the information of the speed, the number of lanes and the position of the road.4) curved road processing: roads are not simple straight lines, but intricate and crisscross road networks.According to the design characteristics of the bend, a reasonable method to collect the curve data effectively is put forward.5) Road curve fitting: the road is not composed of a broken line, but a straight line or a transition curve.In order to make the generated road curve closer to the actual road line;6) Road data updating: the open electronic map is taken as the data updating test object, the collected data according to the road update requirements are updated, and the experimental results before and after updating are compared.The test results show that this method is not only feasible, but also can meet the practical needs.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;U495

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