基于WebGIS的环境灾害管理、评价及应急系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 18:26

本文选题：环境灾害 + 管理　；参考：《华北电力大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济迅速发展、城市化快速推进和气候环境变化,我国各类环境灾害事件,如地质灾害、洪涝旱灾、环境污染灾害和生态破坏灾害等频繁发生,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,严重危害人民生命安全、制约经济可持续发展。目前,我国大部分地区对环境灾害的管理还处于较低水平,没有形成灾前评价、灾时应急的管理体系。因此,建立集成环境灾害数据库管理、评价及应急响应的综合系统十分必要。本研究以Microsoft.NET为开发平台,应用最新的ArcGIS Server10.0作为WebGIS平台,采用性能优越、安全可靠的Microsoft SQL Server2008作为后台数据库,同时结合Microsoft ASP和Microsoft Silverlight两项Web呈现技术,开发了基于WebGIS的环境灾害管理、评价及应急系统(EDMAERS),并应用于环境灾害综合管理、评价和应急响应实例。具体地：(1)建立了环境灾害基础数据管理子系统,实现了关系型数据和空间数据的统一管理和互操作；(2)开发了基于模糊多判据和Choquet积分的环境灾害风险评价方法,建立了环境灾害风险评价子系统,实现了环境灾害风险的自动化运算和可视化输出,能为防灾减灾规划和政策制定提供决策支持；(3)建立了环境灾害应急管理子系统,实现缓冲分析和查询、最短路径分析和邻近设施分析等强大的空间分析功能,并以生动直观的符号化表达,丰富了用户的媒体体验；(4)实现在环境灾害应急时,快速定位环境灾害地点、确定灾害的影响范围和受灾人群、最优分配应急专家和设备、自动或半自动化生成应急预案；(5)将系统应用于湖北省兴山县的洪水灾害风险评价和环境污染灾害应急管理,取得良好系统运行结果,有效验证了所开发系统的各项功能。通过本研究建立集成环境灾害数据库管理、风险评价及应急处置的综合系统,弥补了国内外相关研究的不足,实现了环境灾害综合管理的自动化、一体化,为灾前的防灾减灾规划和灾时的应急处置提供了有力的决策支持平台。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the rapid development of urbanization and the change of climate and environment, all kinds of environmental disasters, such as geological disasters, floods and droughts, environmental pollution disasters and ecological damage disasters, occur frequently in China.It causes huge casualties and economic losses, seriously endangers the safety of people's lives and restricts the sustainable development of economy.At present, the management of environmental disasters in most areas of China is still at a low level, and there is no management system for pre-disaster assessment and emergency response.Therefore, it is necessary to establish an integrated environmental disaster database management, evaluation and emergency response system.This research takes Microsoft.NET as the development platform, uses the newest ArcGIS Server10.0 as the WebGIS platform, adopts the superior performance, the safe and reliable Microsoft SQL Server2008 as the backstage database, at the same time unifies the Microsoft ASP and the Microsoft Silverlight two Web presentation technology,An environmental disaster management, evaluation and emergency response system based on WebGIS is developed and applied to the integrated management, evaluation and emergency response of environmental disasters.(1) the basic data management subsystem of environmental disasters is established, and the unified management and interoperation of relational and spatial data are realized.) the method of environmental disaster risk assessment based on fuzzy multi-criteria and Choquet integral is developed.An environmental disaster risk assessment subsystem is established, which realizes the automatic operation and visual output of environmental disaster risk, and can provide decision support for disaster prevention and mitigation planning and policy making.Realizing the powerful spatial analysis functions such as buffer analysis and query, shortest path analysis and proximity facility analysis, and using vivid and intuitive symbolic expression to enrich the media experience of users.To quickly locate the location of environmental disasters, determine the scope of the impact of the disasters and the affected population, and optimize the allocation of emergency experts and equipment,The system is applied to flood disaster risk assessment and environmental pollution disaster emergency management in Xingshan County, Hubei Province. Good system operation results are obtained, and the functions of the developed system are validated effectively.Through this study, a comprehensive system of integrated environmental disaster database management, risk assessment and emergency management is established, which makes up for the deficiencies of related research at home and abroad, and realizes the automation and integration of integrated environmental disaster management.It provides a powerful decision support platform for disaster prevention and mitigation planning and emergency response.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X32

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