无人机航测技术在土地综合整治中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 00:15

本文选题：土地综合整治 + 无人机影像　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地综合整治作为调整土地利用结构、促进土地合理利用的重要手段，在提高土地利用率、实现土地资源的合理配置等方面起到了重要作用。而无人机航测技术是一种新型高效的土地开发整治工程勘察技术手段，拥有高机动性、低成本、实时对地观测等众多优势，无人机航测技术在土地综合整理工程测绘等领域得到广泛应用。本文以无人机航摄数据为研究对象，以湖南省宁乡县大成桥乡土地整理项目为依托，采用无人机航摄手段，获取大成桥乡土地整理后的影像数据。利用PixelGrid软件对影像进行了空三加密，在此基础上制作了研究区的正射影像图，并进行了精度评价，获得较好效果。然后将面向对象分类技术应用到研究区地物信息提取中，利用专业的影像分析软件eCognition，参照《土地整理验收规范》，将研究区土地类型分为耕地、林地、居民地、裸地、道路、水体六大类型，并进行了各类地物的信息提取，完成了研究区的土地利用分类图，通过随机取样点在实地调查，对土地利用分类图的精度进行了验证，结果表明地物分类精度较高，并且分类过程也快速、准确。本论文的主要研究内容和成果如下： 1.研究了针对无人机影像的快速处理技术，包括空中三角测量的基本流程、制作正射影像图的关键技术和基本流程。利用PixelGrid软件进行了研究区的无人机影像高精度空三加密，并制作完成了研究区的1:2000正射影像图。 2．研究了面向对象的信息提取技术在高分辨率无人机影像中的应用，针对无人机影像的特点，研究了较适用的影像分割尺度和各类地物特征规则，，利用eCognition软件对研究区的各类地物进行了信息提取，通过精度检验，获得较好的效果，成果将面向对象的技术应用到无人机影像中。 3．将无人机航测技术运用到土地开发整理项目中去，利用无人机获取的研究区影像制作了土地利用分类图，可以作为土地整理项目竣工验收的基础资料。无人机技术的成功应用，也大大提高了土地整理工作的工作效率，可在实际工作中广泛推广。本文成功将无人机航测技术应用到土地开发整理项目中，获得了良好的效果，与传统方法相比，工作效率得到大幅度的提高，无论在航空摄影测量理论方面还是在土地开发整理项目实际工作方面，都有着重要的借鉴和指导意义。
[Abstract]:As an important means to adjust the structure of land use and promote the rational use of land, comprehensive land regulation plays an important role in improving the utilization ratio of land and realizing the rational allocation of land resources.UAV aerial survey technology is a new and efficient means of land development and renovation engineering survey, with many advantages, such as high mobility, low cost, real time observation and so on.UAV aerial survey technology has been widely used in land consolidation engineering surveying and mapping.In this paper, the aerial aerial data of UAV is taken as the research object, the land consolidation project of Dachengqiao Township in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province is taken as the basis, the aerial aerial aerial photography method of UAV is used to obtain the image data of the land consolidation in Dachengqiao Township.On the basis of the space-triple encryption of the image with PixelGrid software, the orthophoto image of the research area is made, and the accuracy evaluation is carried out, and a good result is obtained.Then the object oriented classification technology is applied to the information extraction of the research area, and the land types in the study area are divided into cultivated land, woodland, residential land, bare land, road, using the professional image analysis software eCognition. referring to the acceptance criterion of land consolidation, the study area is divided into three types: farmland, woodland, residential land, bare land and road.Six types of water body, and the information extraction of all kinds of features were carried out, the land use classification map of the study area was completed, and the accuracy of the land use classification map was verified through the field investigation of random sampling points.The results show that the classification accuracy is high, and the classification process is fast and accurate.The main contents and achievements of this thesis are as follows:1.The rapid processing technology of UAV image including the basic flow of aerial triangulation and the key technology and basic flow of making orthophoto image are studied.In this paper, PixelGrid software is used to encrypt the UAV image with high precision, and the 1: 2000 orthophoto image of the research area is made.2.The application of object oriented information extraction technology in high resolution UAV image is studied. According to the characteristics of UAV image, the suitable image segmentation scale and feature rules of all kinds of ground objects are studied.ECognition software is used to extract the information of all kinds of ground objects in the research area, and good results are obtained by testing the accuracy. The results show that the object-oriented technology is applied to UAV images.3.The aerial survey technology of UAV is applied to the land development and consolidation project, and the classification map of land use is made by using the image of the research area obtained by the UAV, which can be used as the basic data for the completion and acceptance of the land consolidation project.The successful application of UAV technology greatly improves the efficiency of land consolidation and can be widely used in practical work.In this paper, the UAV aerial survey technology has been successfully applied to the land development and consolidation project, and good results have been obtained. Compared with the traditional methods, the work efficiency has been greatly improved.Both the theory of aerial photogrammetry and the practical work of land development and consolidation project have important reference and guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F301.2;P231

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