无人机视频地理编码系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:01

本文选题：无人机 + 视频地理编码　；参考：《中国测绘科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,无人机遥感正逐步成为卫星遥感、有人机遥感和地面遥感的有效补充手段,尤其是在应急测绘领域无人机遥感表现突出。尽管无人机具有机动性强、实时性高等特点,但通常要等到无人机降落后才能获取影像数据。随着无线传输技术的发展,无人机搭载视频传感器获取的视频数据能够实现实时下传,为应急救灾提供第一时间的数据资料,但由于缺少地理信息,视频仅仅作为辅助信息供指挥者参考,限制了其潜在的应用价值。视频与地理信息的结合是近年来的一个研究热点,它不仅有助于视频的空间定位与分析,而且还拓展了地理空间的表达方法。基于上述分析,本文研究无人机视频时空地理信息编码技术方法,设计并实现了一套无人机视频地理编码系统,主要工作内容包括:(1)视频传感器与无人机平台集成与测试:主要包括飞行平台、传感器的选型与集成安装,数据无线同步传输通信链路的建立等,最终形成一套无人机视频与地理信息数据编码系统。(2)地理视频数据处理模块开发:在VS2010开发环境中利用Xtreme Imaging SDK、OpenCV库、GDAL库、MFC库等实现地理视频数据接收、显示、存储,同时采用固定时间间隔提取关键帧,并采用基于时间索引和线性插值方法建立视频帧与地理信息的对应关系;利用地理信息对视频帧进行正射纠正,再将纠正后的正射影像基于特征匹配进行拼接。(3)地理视频数据与地理信息平台的集成:根据不同应用场景,选取商业电子地图和自主研发的三维地理信息应急指挥系统作为地理信息平台分别与地理视频进行集成,其中地理视频与三维地理信息应急指挥系统是交互集成的,就是既可以利用3D显示技术实时展示视频采集瞬间的位置与姿态,同时叠加正射纠正后的视频关键帧,又能在三维平台上利用坐标或者时间两种模式检索特定区域的视频片段及视频帧。另外针对无地理信息的视频数据,设计了基于参考影像的单帧影像多项式纠正,实现了无地理信息视频帧的空间定位。本文设计并实现了一套无人机视频地理编码系统,该系统在无人机平台上搭载高清视频传感器和定姿定位模块实时获取带有地理信息的视频序列影像,第一时间为应急救灾指挥提供数据资料,同时视频与地理信息平台的集成既实现了视频的空间定位,又增强了地理空间表达的真实感。最后在福建闽清县开展飞行实验,实验结果表明无人机视频地理编码系统在实际应用中具有可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, UAV remote sensing is gradually becoming satellite remote sensing, there are effective supplementary means of man-machine remote sensing and ground remote sensing, especially in emergency mapping field UAV remote sensing performance is outstanding.Although UAVs have the characteristics of high maneuverability and high real-time performance, they usually wait until the UAV lands to obtain image data.With the development of wireless transmission technology, the video data obtained by UAV with video sensor can be transmitted down in real time, which can provide the first time data for emergency relief, but because of the lack of geographic information,Video is only used as auxiliary information for commander's reference, which limits its potential application value.The combination of video and geographic information is a hot research topic in recent years. It is not only helpful to the spatial location and analysis of video, but also extends the representation method of geographical space.Based on the above analysis, this paper studies the technology of UAV video space-time geographic information coding, and designs and implements a set of UAV video geocoding system.The main work includes the integration and testing of video sensor and UAV platform, including flight platform, sensor selection and integrated installation, data wireless synchronous transmission communication link establishment, etc.Finally, a set of UAV video and geographic information coding system. 2) the development of geographic video data processing module: in the VS2010 development environment, the GIS video data can be received, displayed and stored by using Xtreme Imaging SDKO OpenCV library and GDAL library, etc.At the same time, the key frames are extracted at fixed time intervals, and the corresponding relationship between video frames and geographic information is established based on time index and linear interpolation.Then the corrected orthophoto image is stitched up based on feature matching. 3) the geographic video data is integrated with the geographic information platform: according to different application scenarios,The commercial electronic map and the 3D geographic information emergency command system developed by ourselves are selected as the geographic information platform to integrate with the geographic video respectively, in which the geographic video and the three-dimensional geographic information emergency command system are interactively integrated.That is, not only can we use 3D display technology to display the position and attitude of the moment of video capture in real time, and at the same time, we can also stack the key frames of the video after positive shooting correction.It can also retrieve video fragments and frames in a specific region by using coordinate or time mode on 3D platform.In addition, for the video data without geographic information, a single frame image polynomial correction based on reference image is designed to realize the spatial location of the video frame without geographic information.In this paper, a video geographic coding system for UAV is designed and implemented. The system uses high-definition video sensor and orientation positioning module to acquire video sequence images with geographic information on UAV platform in real time.At the same time, the integration of video and geographic information platform not only realizes the spatial location of video, but also enhances the sense of reality of geographical space expression.Finally, a flight experiment was carried out in Minqing County, Fujian Province. The experimental results show that the UAV video geographic coding system is feasible in practical application.
【学位授予单位】：中国测绘科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237

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