国产星载激光雷达在轨几何检校与验证技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 01:24

本文选题：星载激光测高仪 + 地面探测器法　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：星载激光雷达又被称为星载激光测高仪,因采用卫星平台,它的运行轨道高、观测视野广,因此具有覆盖范围大、测距精度高等优势,被广泛应用于林业、极地冰盖高程测量等领域。卫星激光测高将成为快速获取高程控制点的新型手段,可以弥补国内交通不便地区或境外地区布设控制点困难的问题,利用获取的高精度高程控制点联合光学影像进行区域网平差提高立体测图精度,为后续的全球观测提供基础和保障。卫星在发射升空以及在轨运行过程中,激光测高仪会产生多项系统误差,所以有必要经过在轨几何检校消除系统误差。本文以国内首颗对地观测激光试验性载荷-资源三号02星的激光测高仪为研究对象。首先,对国内外激光测高仪的在轨几何检校方法进行研究,总结各自方法的原理和处理流程,分析对比每种方法的优缺点;其次,构建了星载激光严密几何模型,在该模型基础上对主要误差源进行分析。通过相对与绝对的验证方式对在轨检校后的高程精度进行验证;最后,以天津地区为例,对激光测高数据辅助RFM模型的区域网平差进行研究,证明了激光测高数据与光学影像联合区域网平差的可行性,能够改善立体定位精度。本文的主要研究内容及具体工作如下:(1)总结了国内外现有的主要星载激光测高系统,阐述了它们的工作原理,利用星上获取的姿态、轨道参数以及激光器在卫星本体坐标系下的安装关系构建严密几何模型,并对主要的误差源进行分析。通过建立倾斜地形测距误差模型,分析轨道高度、激光指向角、地表坡度对测距精度的影响。对目前常用的星载激光测高仪在轨几何检校方法进行梳理,对比分析每种方法的优势和不足,对国产激光测高仪在轨检校方法的选取具有一定参考价值。(2)根据资源三号02星激光测高仪的特点,适合采用地面探测器法进行在轨检校。推导基于地面探测器法检校的解算流程。对星上下传的原始激光数据进行解包,获取轨道、姿态、激光测距值,代入严密几何模型中解算激光测高数据,并对获取的数据质量进行分析。分别采用相对与绝对的方式对在轨几何检校后的高程精度进行验证。(3)以天津地区为实验区域,对激光测高数据辅助RFM模型进行区域网平差的可行性进行研究。通过立体区域网平差模型、RFM系统误差补偿模型对建立的平高控制分离区域网平差模型进行验证,实验结果表明,所建立的模型可以改善直接立体定位的精度,且精度与传统的立体区域网平差精度相当,证明了该模型的可行性,为激光测高数据辅助RFM模型进行区域网平差提供了理论支持。
[Abstract]:Satellite borne laser radar is also known as satellite borne laser Grohe. Because of its high orbit and wide observation field of vision, satellite platform has the advantages of large coverage and high ranging precision. It is widely used in forestry, polar ice height measurement and so on. Satellite laser height measurement will be a new method for rapid acquisition of elevation control points. In order to make up for the problem of setting up the control point in the inconvenient traffic area or overseas area, the precision of the three-dimensional mapping is improved by the combined optical image of high precision height control point combined with the optical image, which provides the basis and guarantee for the follow-up global observation. The laser measuring Grohe will produce in the process of launching and lifting and in orbit. There are many systematic errors, so it is necessary to eliminate systematic errors through the orbit geometric calibration. In this paper, the first laser altimeter of the ground observation laser test load three star 02 star is studied in this paper. First, the method of the in-orbit geometric calibration of the laser measuring Grohe at home and abroad is studied, and the principles and processing flow of the respective methods are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and compared. Secondly, the rigorous geometric model of the spaceborne laser is constructed, and the main error sources are analyzed on the basis of the model. The elevation accuracy of the orbit calibration is verified by relative and absolute verification. Finally, the Tianjin area is taken as an example to assist the RFM model of the laser altimetry data. The study of adjustment proves the feasibility of the adjustment of the laser altimetry data and the optical image joint regional network, and can improve the accuracy of the stereo positioning. The main research contents and specific work of this paper are as follows: (1) the main star borne laser altimetry systems at home and abroad are summarized, and their working principles are expounded, and the attitude and orbit obtained from the stars are used. The path parameters and the installation relationship of the laser in the satellite's body coordinate system are built, and the main error sources are analyzed. The influence of the orbit height, the direction angle of the laser and the surface slope on the distance precision is analyzed by setting up the range error model of the tilted terrain. The method is combed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and analyzed. It is of certain reference value for the selection of the domestic laser Grohe testing method on orbit. (2) according to the characteristics of the 02 star laser of the resource three, the ground detector method is suitable for the orbit calibration. The original laser data is unwrapped up and down, and the orbit, attitude, laser ranging value are obtained, and the laser altimetry data are calculated in the strict geometric model, and the obtained data quality is analyzed. The Gao Chengjing degree after the orbit geometric verification is verified by relative and absolute method. (3) the excitation of the Tianjin area is the experimental area. The feasibility of regional network adjustment with high data RFM model is studied. Through the model of three-dimensional network adjustment and the error compensation model of RFM system, the model of the flat height control separation area network adjustment is verified. The experimental results show that the established model can improve the accuracy of direct stereotyping, and the accuracy and the traditional one can be improved. The adjustment accuracy of the stereoscopic regional network is equivalent, which proves the feasibility of the model. It provides theoretical support for the adjustment of regional network with the aid of laser altimeter data aided RFM model.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237

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