基于RS和GIS的成高子镇景观格局变迁分析与规划策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 13:35

本文选题：景观格局 + 变迁分析　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,在村镇的快速发展过程中,出现了生态环境过度消耗与破坏的现象,原本历经数年形成的村镇自然景观格局正在逐渐地发生退化:景观破碎度增加、景观多样性减少等问题日益严重。在“十二五”规划中,着重强调了加强农村生态保护与生态建设,创建与自然和谐统一的生态村镇景观格局。寒地村镇由于其较高的纬度和严酷的自然条件,景观格局具有独特的自然和人文环境特点,其相关理论研究也较少。随着遥感和地理信息系统技术的发展,对景观格局的研究逐渐突破了时间序列和空间尺度上的限制。本研究以黑龙江省哈尔滨市成高子镇作为寒地村镇研究对象,采用高分一号GF-1卫星影像和Landsat-7 ETM+卫星影像作为主要数据源,基于景观生态学的理论,结合村镇景观类型划分的原则和寒地村镇自身的特征将景观格局划分为林地、草地、耕地、荒地、水域和建成区六大类。在利用大气校正、正射校正和波段合成等遥感技术对数据源进行标准化处理后,进而运用监督式分类进行景观类型的划分,并对分类后的精度进行检验和评价。之后运用FRAGSTATS 3.4对相应的景观格局指数进行计算。基于计算结果,从景观破碎度、优势度、聚合度和多样性的角度对景观格局的变迁进行分析,并总结其空间演变特征和方向。对于景观格局变迁的驱动因素从自然气候、区位交通、城镇化和产业发展及经济体制和政策四个方面进行阐释。最后依据景观要素规划的相应原则,对成高子镇的景观格局提出相应的概念性规划和生态修复策略。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in the rapid development of villages and towns, the phenomenon of excessive consumption and destruction of ecological environment appeared. The natural landscape pattern of villages and towns, which had been formed for several years, was gradually degraded: the degree of landscape fragmentation increased. The problem of decreasing landscape diversity is becoming more and more serious. In the 12th Five-Year Plan, the emphasis is placed on strengthening the ecological protection and ecological construction in rural areas and creating a landscape pattern of ecological villages and towns in harmony with nature. Due to its high latitudes and harsh natural conditions, the landscape pattern has its unique natural and humanistic environmental characteristics, and its related theoretical research is also less. With the development of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology, the research on landscape pattern has gradually broken through the limitation of time series and spatial scale. In this study, Chenggaozi Town of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, was used as the research object in cold region, and Gaofian 1 GF-1 satellite image and Landsat-7 ETM satellite image were used as the main data source, based on the theory of landscape ecology. The landscape pattern is divided into six categories: woodland, grassland, cultivated land, wasteland, water area and built-up area. After using atmospheric correction, forward emendation correction and band synthesis to standardize the data sources, the supervised classification is used to classify the landscape types, and the accuracy of the classification is tested and evaluated. Then FRAGSTATS 3.4 was used to calculate the corresponding landscape pattern index. Based on the calculation results, the changes of landscape pattern were analyzed from the view of landscape fragmentation, dominance, aggregation and diversity, and the spatial evolution characteristics and direction were summarized. The driving factors of landscape pattern change are explained from four aspects: natural climate, location traffic, urbanization and industrial development, economic system and policy. Finally, according to the corresponding principles of landscape element planning, this paper puts forward the corresponding conceptual planning and ecological restoration strategy for the landscape pattern of Chenggaozi town.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P901;P208;P237

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