基于GPS卫星定位技术的高精度形变监测系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-12 02:11

本文选题：GPS + 基线解算　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高精度形变监测具有两个方面的意义：一是在实际应用上,可以及时发现工程建筑和地质结构上可能出现的隐患和变动问题,及早的做出应对措施；二是在科学上,对一些理论的可行性验证,进一步深入理解形变的基础原理,并为工程上建立准确的预测机制提供可靠地理论依据和方法。基于GPS的卫星定位技术已经广泛应用于各种生产领域,且具有精度高、连续性好、全天候、实时性的特点,还可以在环境恶劣有人值守比较困难的情况下,进行无人监测,因此而成为当今主要的监测手段。本文即是基于GPS卫星定位技术,设计并实现一种高精度的形变监测系统。文章首先对系统的理论依据做了介绍和仿真,主要是在Gamit基线解算的基础上,同时采用迭代卡尔曼滤波对接收的数据和基线解算值进行不断地预测,并与实际数据相比较,达到最优的估计值。从而在相对定位的基线解算过程中得到高精度的监测点的形变量,达到对监测点的形变量做出动态预警监测。其次,在系统功能上主要是针对流动站和基准站的设计。在流动站上,采用EM9170工控开发板与GPS模块,负责接收监测点的GPS数据,使用编程语言自动获取解算需要的数据和卫星信息,并将接收的数据通过无线网桥发送给基准站；基准站上则由ENC5146和GPS模块组成,基准站上除采集GPS卫星数据外,同时它也要负责将流动站传输来的数据和本身采集的数据组合进行基线解算,这是系统的核心功能,之后它会将解算数据等相关信息通过公网GPRS传送到远端的监测服务器上。流动站和基准站的功能通过VS2008进行编写,此外并对相应的数据库进行设计。最后本文根据系统在兰州窑街电力铁塔项目的实际应用,使用所得数据进行分析,判断误差达到高精度毫米级要求,同时验证了本系统在实际应用中的可靠性和稳定性,具有广泛的实际应用前景。本论文的创新点在于以开源的Gamit解算为原型,通过Gamit解算模型的改进和迭代卡尔曼滤波的综合运用设计解算算法,然后以此理论算法为依据设计高精度形变监测系统,并在实际中得到应用。
[Abstract]:The high precision deformation monitoring has two aspects significance: first, in the practical application, may discover the hidden danger and the change question which the engineering building and the geological structure may appear in time, makes the countermeasure as soon as possible; second, is in the scientific aspect, To verify the feasibility of some theories, we can further understand the basic principles of deformation and provide a reliable theoretical basis and method for the establishment of an accurate prediction mechanism in engineering. Satellite positioning technology based on GPS has been widely used in various fields of production, and has the characteristics of high precision, good continuity, all-weather, real-time. As a result, it has become the main monitoring means. Based on GPS satellite positioning technology, a high precision deformation monitoring system is designed and implemented in this paper. This paper first introduces and simulates the theoretical basis of the system, mainly on the basis of the Gamit baseline solution, at the same time, using iterative Kalman filter to continuously predict the received data and the baseline solution, and compare with the actual data. An optimal estimate is reached. Thus, the shape variables of the monitoring points with high accuracy are obtained during the calculation of the relative positioning baselines, and the dynamic early warning monitoring of the shape variables of the monitoring points is achieved. Secondly, the system function is mainly aimed at the design of mobile station and reference station. In the mobile station, EM9170 industrial control development board and GPS module are used to receive the GPS data from the monitoring point, and the data and satellite information are automatically obtained by programming language, and the received data are sent to the reference station through the wireless network bridge. The datum station is composed of ENC5146 and GPS modules. In addition to collecting GPS satellite data, it is also responsible for the baseline calculation of the data transmitted from the mobile station and the data collected by itself, which is the core function of the system. It will then calculate the data and other related information via the public network GPRS to the remote monitoring server. The functions of mobile station and reference station are written by VS2008, and the corresponding database is designed. Finally, according to the practical application of the system in Lanzhou Yaojie electric power tower project, using the obtained data to analyze, the judgment error reaches the requirement of high precision millimeter, and the reliability and stability of the system in the practical application are verified at the same time. It has a wide range of practical application prospects. The innovation of this paper is that the open-source Gamit solution is used as the prototype, the improved Gamit solution model and the integrated application of iterative Kalman filter are used to design the algorithm, and then the high-precision deformation monitoring system is designed based on the theoretical algorithm. And it is applied in practice.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP274;P228.4

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