基于RS和GIS的辽河流域生态健康评价

发布时间：2018-05-12 02:18

本文选题：辽河流域 + 生态健康　；参考：《辽宁工程技术大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类活动对生态系统健康的影响越来越剧烈,生态系统的健康状况逐渐引起了人们的重视。流域生态系统是一个社会-经济-自然符合的生态系统,具有一定的完整性；其生态健康状况与人类的生产生活密切相关,也引起专家越来越多的关注。近年来,RS和GIS技术的日趋成熟为生态系统健康评价提供了有力的支撑,采用RS和GIS手段进行生态环境信息提取和流域生态健康评价已被广泛应用。本文以辽河流域为研究对象,以遥感数据和其他辅助数据为基础,结合水生态功能三级分区,根据流域生态结构将其划分为水域、岸边带、陆域三个子系统,根据各子生态系统的特征选取不同的评价指标。水域子系统从水生生境和水生态胁迫两方面选取,岸边带考虑生态结构、生态功能和生态胁迫三个方面,陆域子系统关注生态格局、生态功能、生态胁迫三方面,最终共选取17项生态健康评价指标。然后,通过层次分析法和专家打分法确定指标权重。以RS和GIS技术获取计算各项指标,最终采用综合指数法对辽河流域生态健康状况进行评价,揭示辽河流域和各水生态三级功能分区的生态健康综合状况。该研究证明,将流域划分为水域、岸边带、陆域分别选取指标,采用合理的指标综合评价方法,以遥感和GIS技术结合为核心,开展流域生态系统健康综合评价研究是可行的,其评价结论可以分析和表达流域生态系统健康的空间特性,给政策管理者和决策者提供流域生态建设的科学依据,对于流域的生态保护和管理起到了重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the increasing influence of human activities on ecosystem health, people pay more and more attention to ecosystem health. Watershed ecosystem is a social-economy-natural ecological system with certain integrity, and its ecological health is closely related to human production and life, and has attracted more and more attention of experts. In recent years, the maturity of RS and GIS technology has provided strong support for ecosystem health assessment. RS and GIS methods have been widely used to extract ecological environment information and assess watershed ecological health. Based on remote sensing data and other auxiliary data, this paper divides Liaohe River Basin into three subsystems according to its ecological structure: water area, shore zone and land area. Different evaluation indexes were selected according to the characteristics of each sub-ecosystem. The water area subsystem is selected from two aspects of aquatic habitat and water ecological stress. The coastal zone considers ecological structure, ecological function and ecological stress. Land subsystem pays attention to ecological pattern, ecological function and ecological stress. Finally, a total of 17 ecological health evaluation indicators were selected. Then, through the Analytic hierarchy process and the expert scoring method to determine the index weight. The indexes were obtained by RS and GIS techniques, and the comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the ecological health status of Liaohe River Basin, and to reveal the ecological health comprehensive status of Liaohe River Basin and the three functional zones of water ecology. The research proves that it is feasible to divide the watershed into water area, shore zone and land area, select the index separately, adopt reasonable index comprehensive evaluation method, take remote sensing and GIS technology as the core, and carry out the comprehensive evaluation research of watershed ecosystem health. The evaluation results can analyze and express the spatial characteristics of watershed ecosystem health, provide scientific basis for policy managers and decision makers, and play an important role in watershed ecological protection and management.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;P208;X87

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