空间制图对象模型的设计与应用

发布时间：2018-05-15 20:36

本文选题：GIS数据模型 + 制图　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：空间数据模型是地理信息系统的基础，任何一个GIS系统都是围绕空间数据模型而建立的。空间数据模型从根本上决定了地理信息系统软件的数据管理模式与主要功能。目前常用的GIS平台如ArcGIS、MapGIS、SuperMap等都有自己定义的空间数据模型，而不同模型在各方面也有着不同的优势。分析已有的空间数据模型与其对应的GIS平台不难发现，针对不同的应用领域设计对应的空间数据模型是提高GIS应用效率根本方式。通过GIS进行地图制图实现地理信息的可视化是GIS系统的一项重要功能，特别是近年来随着空间数据采集手段的不断升级，数据采集的效率大幅提高。如何将大量的空间数据高效的进行制图展示并将制图信息合理保存成为了研究的热点。通过对现有空间数据模型与GIS软件平台的分析与研究，发现目前常用的空间数据模型只能描述空间位置与自然属性，而对符号、注记等空间对象的制图语义信息没有明确的描述。当这样的空间对象用于制图时，在没有其他外界信息辅助的情况下并不能从图面上确定空间对象的物理意义，即从图面上无法直接判读出空间对象究竟是什么。针对这些问题，本文提出了空间制图对象数据模型。通过模型的设计与应用完成了以下一些研究工作： 1、根据地图制图流程，采用语义模型对地理实体的图面表达进行抽象，并借鉴空间对象数据模型的思想，将空间对象与其语义信息进行组合定义了空间制图对象模型； 2、依据对象模型的定义流程，完成了空间制图对象模型的概念设计和逻辑设计，，并借助ESRI的ArcGISEngine二次开发组件与C#语言，完成了制图对象模型的物理设计，确保了制图对象数据与ArcGIS数据的通用性； 3、针对现有空间数据模型需要使用多个要素才能描述复杂地理空间对象的不足进行了改进，通过同一个要素来管理复杂对象，利于复杂对象的管理与表达。 4、结合“海洋标准化制图系统”以及其他相关应用，对制图模型进行了测试。实现了高效的制图对象语义信息管理与表达。达到了空间制图对象模型对于空间对象表达与符号库管理的预期效果。
[Abstract]:Spatial data model is the foundation of GIS. Any GIS system is built around spatial data model. Spatial data model fundamentally determines the data management mode and main functions of GIS software. At present, GIS platforms such as ArcGIS-MapGIS-SuperMap have their own defined spatial data models, and different models have different advantages in various aspects. By analyzing the existing spatial data models and their corresponding GIS platforms, it is not difficult to find that designing corresponding spatial data models for different application fields is the fundamental way to improve the efficiency of GIS applications. It is an important function of GIS system to realize the visualization of geographic information by GIS. Especially, with the continuous upgrading of spatial data acquisition means, the efficiency of data acquisition has been greatly improved in recent years. How to display a large amount of spatial data efficiently and save cartographic information reasonably has become a hot research topic. Through the analysis and research of the existing spatial data model and GIS software platform, it is found that the commonly used spatial data model can only describe the spatial position and the natural attribute, but the symbol. There is no explicit description of cartographic semantic information of spatial objects such as notes. When such spatial objects are used for cartography, the physical meaning of spatial objects can not be determined from the graph surface without the assistance of other external information, that is, it is impossible to directly distinguish what spatial objects are from the map surface. In order to solve these problems, a spatial mapping object data model is proposed in this paper. Through the design and application of the model, the following research work has been completed: 1. According to the map mapping process, the paper uses semantic model to abstract the surface representation of geographical entity, and uses the idea of spatial object data model to combine spatial object with its semantic information to define spatial mapping object model. 2. According to the definition flow of the object model, the concept design and logic design of the spatial mapping object model are completed, and the physical design of the drawing object model is completed with the help of the ArcGISEngine secondary development component of ESRI and the C # language. The generality of object data and ArcGIS data is ensured. 3. In view of the deficiency of the existing spatial data model to describe the complex geospatial objects, the existing spatial data models need to use multiple elements to describe the complex geospatial objects. The management of complex objects by the same element is beneficial to the management and expression of complex objects. 4. Combined with Marine Standardization Cartographic system and other related applications, the cartographic model was tested. The efficient semantic information management and representation of cartographic objects are realized. The expected effect of spatial mapping object model for spatial object representation and symbol library management is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208

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