基于GIS和RS的崂山区雨岛效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 08:04

本文选题：雨岛效应 + 崂山区　；参考：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，随着社会经济发展，急剧加快的城市化进程，城市人口的增加，城市中新建的建筑物、广场和道路等地面建筑物大量增加，绿地、水体等却相应减少，高楼大厦林立。而随着建筑物密度增加，辐射热量大幅增加，空气流通不畅，尤其在夏季，建筑物空调、汽车尾气的排放等使得释放的热能加剧，高空形成热气团，最终形成降雨。雨岛效应多出现在城市降水量比较大的时间段内，急剧的降雨，易在城市低洼点及地面点产生积水，甚至产生洪涝灾害。现代城市内涝具有三大特征：首先是城市内涝的普遍性，在全国很多城市都存在不同程度的内涝现象，城市内涝越来越普遍。其次，城市洪涝灾害的易发性，城市中某些区域易形成洪涝灾害，如立交桥；而随着城市工业化经济的发展，城市规划设施的建设，在地铁通道等场所也时有发生。另外，城市内涝的严重性，城市化程度越高，城市内涝发生普遍性及频率都会比城市化低的城市严重很多，而且对于城市本身降水量，很多城市城区的汛期降水量明显比郊区要多，而且这种趋势越来越明显,对城市的防洪、城市基础设施造成一定压力。本文所选择的研究区崂山区位于青岛市区东部，就整个崂山区而言，西南部及东北部以平原为主，中南部以山地为主，城市居民聚集地也多集中在平原地区，而夏季又多盛行东南季风，上风向的城区跟下风向的郊区降雨量差别尤为明显，形成明显的雨岛效应，而中南部的山地区域，由于地形雨的作用，，降水量也会与周围地区形成明显差别，进而很明显的形成两个雨岛中心，鉴于雨岛效应对城市降水产生的重要影响，本文以崂山地区这个双雨岛的典型区域为例进行研究，结果表明：崂山区存在明显雨岛效应，并且对崂山地区的降水产生重要影响。（1）文章从地表参数、人类因素、城市化、地形等四个影响雨岛效应的因素进行分析，进而表明近几十年崂山区地表温度一直在增加，人口数量翻了接近2倍，城市扩展明显，城市化程度有了大幅增加，平原、山地地区降水有明显差别，并在此基础上分析这几个因素与雨岛效应的关系。（2）文章从表征雨岛效应的降水、气温及风速等三个方面进行了阐释，反映了崂山区在汛期季节雨岛效应明显时，降水、气温、风速三个指标的变化曲线及规律，进一步表明雨岛效应的存在。（3）为进一步证明崂山区存在雨岛效应，文章从崂山区降水的时空格局进行分析，分析崂山区雨岛效应的时间格局变化及空间格局变化，结果表明在时间上，汛期降水量比较多，在空间上，城区降水量大于郊区降水量，且随着城市化进程加快，城郊降水量差别更加明显。（4）针对城市化对雨岛效应的间接影响,以青岛市崂山区为例,在分析崂山区基本地形、水文气候状况的基础上,利用地表温度反演、土地利用分布、泰森多边形、回归分析等方法分析了崂山区城市化对雨岛效应的影响。结果表明,城区温度增高与降雨之间满足线性回归关系,可见城市化是崂山区雨岛效应的重要因素。（5）结合雨岛效应对城市降水产生的影响，文章阐述了雨岛效应的应对措施，对推动青岛崂山区的气候变化研究、城市规划建设和城市防洪等方面具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:At present , with the development of the social economy , the rapid urbanization process , the increase of urban population , the building of new buildings in the city , the square and the road , etc .
With the development of the city ' s industrial economy , the construction of urban planning facilities and the construction of urban planning facilities also occur at the same time . In addition , the higher the severity of urban waterlogging , the higher the degree of urbanization , the general and frequent occurrence of waterlogging in cities is much worse than that in the suburbs .

The Laoshan mountain area of the study area is located in the eastern part of Qingdao city . In the whole Laoshan mountain area , the southwest and north - east are mainly plains , the middle and south are mainly mountainous areas , and the urban population is mainly concentrated in the plain area , and the rainfall in the middle and southern mountain areas is obviously different from the surrounding area . The results show that the rain island effect is obvious in Laoshan mountain area , and the precipitation in Laoshan area has an important effect .

( 1 ) Based on the analysis of the factors affecting rain island effect , such as surface parameters , human factors , urbanization , terrain and so on , it is shown that the surface temperature of Laoshan District has been increasing in recent decades , the population number has been increased by nearly 2 times , the urban expansion is obvious , the degree of urbanization is greatly increased , the rainfall in plain and mountainous areas is obviously different , and the relationship between these factors and the effect of rain island is analyzed .

( 2 ) From three aspects , such as precipitation , temperature and wind speed , which characterize the effect of rain island , this paper reflects the change curves and laws of three indexes of precipitation , air temperature and wind speed when the seasonal rain island effect is obvious during flood season , and further indicates the existence of rain island effect .

( 3 ) In order to further prove the rain island effect in Laoshan mountain area , the paper analyzes the temporal pattern and spatial pattern of precipitation in Laoshan mountain area .

( 4 ) Based on the analysis of the effects of urbanization on rain island in Laoshan mountain area , this paper analyzes the effects of urbanization on rain island in Laoshan mountain area based on Laoshan mountain area of Qingdao . The results show that the relationship between temperature increase and rainfall meets the linear regression relationship , and the visible urbanization is an important factor in Laoshan mountain rain island effect .

( 5 ) Combined with the effects of rain island effect on urban precipitation , the paper expounds the response measures of rain island effect , and has great significance in promoting the research on climate change , urban planning and urban flood control in Laoshan mountain area of Qingdao .
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P426.616;P208;P237

【参考文献】