开封市农业气象灾情监测系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-19 10:05

本文选题：GIS + ArcGIS　；参考：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业气象灾害对国民经济，特别是农业生产是一种极大的威胁，一旦灾害发生，对工农业生产和人民生命财产造成的损失将非常严重。气象灾害是自然灾害中最为频繁而又严重的灾害，气象灾害是影响农业生产的关键因素，因此，确定对农业生产有影响的气象灾情指标，建立气象灾情指标数据库，利用实时气象监测信息，对气象灾害的发生过程进行动态监测及影响分析，有效地防止和抵御农业气象灾害，是气象部门、农业部门及政府部门十分关注的问题。随着信息技术和网络技术的发展，GIS的发展和应用得到了大幅提升，WebGIS是Internet技术应用于GIS开发的产物，它充分利用互联网的方便性、互联性，将地理信息传送到全国乃至全球各地的用户。GIS以其自身的学科性质成为一种重要的信息技术手段，在各种信息系统建设中都发挥了重要的作用，在农业气象灾情监测系统中也起着至关重要的作用。本文以开封为研究区，使GIS技术与农业气象相结合，利用开封境内的基础地理数据和农业气象数据，在农业气象灾情监测领域做出具体应用，设计并开发开封市农业气象灾情监测系统。系统能够实时监测气象信息，在灾情发生时能迅速对灾情进行大范围监测，快速、准确地实现监测区内的农业气象灾情分析以及等级划分，为政府及气象、农业等有关部门提供及时准确的信息，对农业生产具有十分重要的意义。本文在文献回顾的基础上，结合WebGIS原理和方法，对农业气象灾情监测系统进行需求分析、总体架构和功能设计、系统数据库设计以及系统开发和验证，系统以开封市基础地理数据和开封市气象局提供的相关农业气象数据为数据源，以ArcGIS Server为平台，建立了基于B/S结构的农业气象灾情监测系统，主要成果包括：（1）完成了开封市农业气象灾情监测系统的具体需求分析，在此基础上设计了系统的总体架构模式和系统各个功能模块；（2）完成了系统数据库设计，包括基础地理数据库设计和气象信息数据库设计，着重对气象信息数据库做了深入分析和设计，为不同的气象要素设计了相应的数据表；（3）开发并实现了气象观测数据后台处理子系统，实现了实时气象数据检测、气象信息提取入库、气象站点信息查询和气象数据格式转换等功能；（4）开发并实现了农业气象灾情监测分析子系统，分别建立了降雨量分布图模型、等温线图模型、风向风速矢量图模型和灾情影响区域模型；（5）对系统进行验证，结果表明开封市农业气象灾情监测系统运行稳定，各个功能模块都运行正常，空间分析模型生成的降雨量分布图、等温线图和风向风速矢量图、灾情影响区域图等专题图效果理想。通过对开封市农业气象灾情监测系统的设计与实现得出以下结论：（1）利用气象观测数据和基础地理数据，基于ArcGIS技术，能够在Web环境下实现实时的区域气象灾情监测及气象灾情影响区域分析，为气象部门、农业部门以及广大农民提供信息服务。（2）GIS地理数据库管理能够很好地组织管理基础地理数据和气象观测数据，利用ArcGIS提供的模型工具可以有效制作各种空间分析模型，，从而实现复杂的空间插值、影响区域分析等空间分析功能，制作全区的降雨量分布图、等温线图和风向风速矢量图、灾情影响区域图等专题图。（3）系统测试表明，系统总体架构设计、功能模块设计和数据库设计比较合理，具有实用性。
[Abstract]:Agro meteorological disasters are a great threat to the national economy, especially in agricultural production. Once the disasters occur, the losses caused to industrial and agricultural production and people's life and property will be very serious. Meteorological disasters are the most frequent and serious disasters in natural disasters. Meteorological disasters are the key factors affecting agricultural production. Therefore, it is determined that the meteorological disasters are the key factors affecting the agricultural production. Agricultural production has an impact on meteorological disaster indicators, the establishment of meteorological disaster indicators database, the use of real-time meteorological monitoring information, the dynamic monitoring and impact analysis of the occurrence of meteorological disasters, effectively preventing and resisting agro meteorological disasters, the meteorological department, agricultural departments and government departments are very concerned.
With the development of information technology and network technology, the development and application of GIS has been greatly improved. WebGIS is the product of the application of Internet technology to the development of GIS. It makes full use of the convenience and interconnectedness of the Internet, and transmits geographic information to the users all over the country and all over the world to become an important information with its own subject nature. Technical means have played an important role in the construction of various information systems, and play a vital role in the monitoring system of agrometeorological disasters.
This paper, taking Kaifeng as the research area, makes GIS technology combined with agro meteorology, making use of the basic geographic data and Agrometeorological data in Kaifeng, making concrete applications in the field of agro meteorological disaster monitoring, designing and developing the agro meteorological disaster monitoring system in Kaifeng. The system can monitor the meteorological information in real time, and can be rapid in the occurrence of the disaster. It is of great significance for agricultural production to provide timely and accurate information for the government and the meteorological and agricultural departments concerned.
On the basis of the literature review, this paper combines the principle and method of WebGIS to analyze the requirements of the agrometeorological disaster monitoring system, the overall structure and function design, the system database design and the system development and verification. The system takes the basic geographic data of the city and the related Agrometeorological data provided by the Kaifeng City Meteorological Bureau as the data source, and Ar CGIS Server is the platform to establish an agrometeorological disaster monitoring system based on B/S structure. The main achievements include: (1) complete the analysis of the specific requirements of the agro meteorological disaster monitoring system in Kaifeng City. On this basis, the system's overall framework model and the system function modules are designed. (2) the system database design, including the base, is completed. The base geography database design and the meteorological information database design, focus on the analysis and design of the meteorological information database, designed the corresponding data table for different meteorological elements. (3) the development and implementation of the meteorological observation data background processing subsystem, the realization of real-time meteorological data detection, meteorological information extraction, meteorological stations, meteorological stations. Information query and meteorological data format conversion and other functions; (4) develop and implement an agrometeorological disaster monitoring and analysis subsystem, respectively set up rainfall distribution map model, isotherm model model, wind direction wind vector map model and disaster impact regional model; (5) verification of the system, the results show the Kaifeng City of agro meteorological disaster monitoring The system runs stably, each function module runs normally, the rainfall distribution map generated by the spatial analysis model, the isotherm map and wind direction wind vector map, the disaster affected area map and other thematic maps are ideal.
Based on the design and implementation of the agricultural meteorological disaster monitoring system in Kaifeng, the following conclusions are reached.
(1) using the meteorological observation data and basic geographic data, based on the ArcGIS technology, it can realize the real-time regional meteorological disaster monitoring and the meteorological disaster impact area analysis under the Web environment, and provide the information service for the meteorological department, the agricultural department and the farmers.
(2) GIS geographic database management can organize and manage basic geographic data and meteorological observation data well. Using the model tools provided by ArcGIS, the spatial analysis model can be effectively made, so as to realize complex spatial interpolation, influence the spatial analysis function of regional analysis and so on, and make the distribution map of rainfall, isotherm and wind direction in the whole region. The wind speed vector map, the disaster impact regional map and other thematic maps.
(3) system test shows that the overall architecture design, function module design and database design are reasonable and practical.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP311.52;S42;P208

【参考文献】