基于GPS数据的出租车交通运行特性研究及应用

发布时间：2018-05-19 12:46

本文选题：出租车GPS数据 + 交通运行特性　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程加快和机动车数量的激增，城市交通在为居民的出行提供便利的同时，所带来的负面效应也日益加剧，利用出租车GPS数据研究城市交通问题近年来已经成为研究热点。本文为对出租车的交通运行特性进行分析与应用，利用哈尔滨市两天的出租车GPS数据，，在进行数据分析处理的基础上，运用聚类分析等方法进行了研究，主要有以下几个方面的内容：（1）针对出租车的交通运行特性，分析原始数据，对其进行预处理，包括对数据进行误差分析、建立数据处理原则和方法、数据优化几个方面；对出租车的GPS数据的地图匹配技术做了相关研究，包括地图的横向匹配和纵向匹配；建立出租车GPS数据的出行起终点识别技术，对出租车每次出行的起终点进行识别，并利用Arcmap进行可视化呈现。（2）利用处理后的GPS数据对出租车的交通运行特性进行研究，包括对上下客高峰期的研究、工作日和非工作日载客时长的对比、高峰时段和平峰时段载客时长的对比、出租车平均载客距离的研究、平均运行速度的分析以及从时间和空间两方面研究出租车的空驶率，得到了相关的结论。（3）将聚类分析技术应用到出租车GPS数据的应用研究中，结合交通中区的划分原则与方法，利用SPSS软件进行哈尔滨市交通中区的划分，并对比了不同聚类方法在交通中区划分中的适用性，最后选取合理的聚类方式将哈尔滨市划分为17个交通中区，并建立的交通中区的出行OD矩阵和出行期望线。（4）利用GPS数据对出租车停靠站的设置进行相关研究，分析哈尔滨市黄河路上客点的时空分布特点，基于乘客最短步行距离建立出租车停靠站位置选择模型，并对模型进行优化，最后结合实例进行停靠站的设置。通过进行出租车交通运行特性的分析并利用分析结果进行交通中区划分和出租车停靠站设置，本研究为利用GPS数据研究出租车的交通特性、解决交通规划中的宏观和微观的交通问题提供了数据支持和理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, urban traffic provides convenience for residents, at the same time, the negative effects are increasingly aggravated. Using taxi GPS data to study urban traffic problems has become a research hotspot in recent years. In order to analyze and apply the characteristics of taxi traffic, this paper makes use of the GPS data of two days in Harbin, based on the analysis and processing of the data, using the method of cluster analysis and so on. There are the following aspects: 1) analyzing and preprocessing the original data, including error analysis, establishing the principle and method of data processing, and optimizing the data according to the characteristics of taxi traffic. The paper studies the map matching technology of taxi GPS data, including the horizontal matching and vertical matching, establishes the identification technology of taxi GPS data, and identifies the starting and ending points of each taxi trip. Arcmap is used to visualize presentation. (2) using the processed GPS data to study the characteristics of taxi traffic, including the study of the peak period of the taxi, the comparison of the length of the passenger carrying between the working day and the non-working day, and the comparison of the length of the passenger during the peak period and the peak period. The research on the average passenger distance, the analysis of the average running speed and the study on the empty driving rate of the taxi from the aspects of time and space are given. (3) applying cluster analysis technology to the study of taxi GPS data, combining with the principle and method of traffic area division, making use of SPSS software to divide Harbin traffic center area. The applicability of different clustering methods in traffic area division is compared. Finally, Harbin is divided into 17 traffic centers by reasonable clustering method, and the travel OD matrix and travel expectation line of traffic center area are established. 4) based on the GPS data, this paper studies the setting of taxi parking station, analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of passenger points on Huanghe Road, Harbin, and establishes the location selection model of taxi parking station based on the shortest walking distance of passengers, and optimizes the model. Finally, the docking station is set up with an example. By analyzing the operation characteristics of taxi traffic and using the results of the analysis to divide the traffic area and set up the taxi parking station, the purpose of this study is to use the GPS data to study the traffic characteristics of the taxi. It provides data support and theoretical basis for solving macro and micro traffic problems in traffic planning.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;U495

【相似文献】