基于GIS的滇中引水工程昆明段岩溶区适宜性评价

发布时间：2018-05-23 16:54

本文选题：滇中引水工程 + 岩溶区　；参考：《成都理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：滇中引水工程是解决包括昆明在内的滇中地区严重水资源短缺的重要水利工程,其中昆明段可溶岩分布广泛,线路穿过的层位中有33.24%为可溶岩,由于岩溶地区地质条件复杂,工程施工过程中易发生大规模的涌突水、岩溶塌陷等灾害,同时大量的抽排地下水,极易造成区域地下水位的下降,对岩溶水环境造成极大的影响。因此,有必要对工程区岩溶发育规律及岩溶地质环境中工程建设的适宜性进行研究,为工程线路优化提供一定的依据。本文从研究区地质环境条件出发,通过分析岩溶地质环境中引水工程施工可能引发的岩溶环境地质问题及其影响因素,确定岩溶区工程适宜性评价指标,利用AHP法建立数学评价模型,运用GIS空间分析和叠加功能对引水工程岩溶区工程适宜性进行评价；同时,从灾害发生机理角度结合水文地质条件分析预测可能出现的岩溶环境地质问题；将预测结果与工程适宜性评价结果进行对比,对岩溶区工程适宜性进行综合评价,并提出线路优化及灾害防治措施建议。论文主要的研究成果有以下几个方面： (1)研究区岩溶的发育具有典型的亚热带岩溶发育的特征,地层岩性、地质构造、地形地貌、新构造运动是研究区岩溶发育的主要控制因素。 (2)通过对研究区岩溶发育规律、岩溶含水层组及其富水性、岩溶水补径排特征、岩溶水水化学特征的分析,将研究区划分为3个一级地下水系统,分别为：东-西河系统(Ⅰ)、富民盆地系统(Ⅱ)、滇池系统(Ⅲ)。 (3)通过分析地层岩性、地质构造、地形地貌、岩溶发育程度、含水岩组富水性、岩溶病害分布特征、隧道工程技术因素对工程施工岩溶灾害发生的影响,确定岩溶区工程适宜性评价因子,利用AHP法建立数学评价模型,运用GIS空间分析和叠加功能对引水工程岩溶区工程适宜性进行评价。评价结果显示滇中引水工程有25.16km、25.34km、15.76km线路段穿越工程适宜性较差区、中等区、较好区,分别占线路全长的16.78%、16.90%、10.51%。 (4)根据隧道涌突水、工程对地下水环境的破坏、岩溶塌陷的发生机理,结合水文地质条件分析,对引水工程的涌突水量、涌突水影响范围、岩溶塌陷进行了初步预测,从灾害发生机理的角度对岩溶区工程建设的适宜程度进行评价。 (5)将岩溶地质问题预测结果与基于GIS的工程适宜性评价结果对比分析可知,涌突水灾害危险性极高段基本与岩溶区工程适宜性较差段吻合,少数线路段涌突水灾害危险性评价结果与工程适宜性评价结果相差1个级别,极个别线路段达到2个级别；工程施工对地下水环境的影响范围整体上具有工程适宜性越差影响范围越大的趋势；线路80%的岩溶塌陷易发段分布在工程适宜性较差区,20%分布在工程适宜性中等区。根据对比分析结果对岩溶区工程适宜性进行综合评价,评价结果显示引水工程昆明段除个别线路段外基于GIS的岩溶区工程适宜性评价结果可靠性较高,适宜性评价结果可选用基于GIS的评价结果,同时对存在较大误差的线路段的工程适宜性进行修正。 (6)对引水工程岩溶灾害的防治,首先应根据工程适宜性综合评价结果对线路进行优化；其次,对于通过线路优化仍然不能避免岩溶灾害发生的线路段,应采取适当的防治措施,保证工程的施工运营安全,并将工程施工对地下水环境的影响降至最低。
[Abstract]:The water diversion project in Central Yunnan is an important water conservancy project to solve the serious water shortage in the central Yunnan area, including Kunming. Among them, the karst area in the Kunming section is widely distributed, and 33.24% of the lines pass through the lines are soluble rocks. Because of the complex geological conditions in the karst areas, large scale water inrush and karst collapse are prone to occur during the construction process. At the same time, a large number of draining ground water is very easy to cause the decline of the regional groundwater level, which has a great influence on the karst water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the law of karst development and the suitability of the engineering construction in the karst geological environment, so as to provide a certain basis for the optimization of the engineering lines.
Based on the geological environment conditions in the study area, by analyzing the possible karst environmental geological problems and its influencing factors in the construction of the karst geological environment, the suitability evaluation index of the karst area engineering is determined, the mathematical evaluation model is established by the AHP method, and the GIS spatial analysis and superposition function are applied to the karst area project of the diversion project. At the same time, according to the analysis of the mechanism of disaster and the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, the possible karst environmental geological problems are predicted, and the prediction results are compared with the results of engineering suitability evaluation, and the suitability of the karst area engineering suitability is synthetically evaluated, and the route optimization and disaster prevention measures are proposed. The research results are as follows:
(1) the development of karst in the study area is characterized by typical subtropical karst development, stratum lithology, geological structure, topography and geomorphology, and neotectonic movement are the main controlling factors of karst development in the study area.
(2) through the analysis of the law of karst development in the study area, the characteristics of the karst aquifer and its water rich, the characteristics of karst water filling and drainage, the analysis of the chemical characteristics of karst water and water, the study area is divided into 3 first grade groundwater systems, which are the East West River System (I), the Fumin basin system (II) and the Dianchi system (III).
(3) through the analysis of stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, topography, karst development, water rich and karst disease distribution characteristics of water rock group, the influence of tunnel engineering technical factors on the construction of karst disasters, determine the suitability evaluation factor of karst area engineering, establish mathematical evaluation model with AHP method, use GIS spatial analysis and superposition. The evaluation results show that the water diversion project in Central Yunnan has 25.16km, 25.34km, 15.76km line section in poor suitability, medium and good area, which accounts for 16.78%, 16.90%, 10.51%. of the total length of the line.
(4) according to the water inrush in the tunnel, the damage of the groundwater environment and the mechanism of the karst collapse, combined with the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, the initial prediction of the water flow in the water diversion project, the impact range of the inrush water and the karst collapse is preliminarily predicted, and the suitability of the construction of the karst area is evaluated from the angle of the disaster occurrence mechanism.
(5) comparing the results of karst geological problems with the results of engineering suitability evaluation based on GIS, it is found that the high risk of water inrush hazard is basically consistent with the poor suitability section of the karst area, and the result of the hazard assessment of the flood disaster of a few line segments is 1 levels with the engineering suitability evaluation results, and the extreme individual line segments are reached. To 2 levels, the influence of engineering construction on the groundwater environment has a tendency to have greater impact on the overall engineering suitability, and the prone section of karst collapse in line 80% is distributed in the poor area of engineering suitability, and 20% is in the middle area of engineering suitability.
According to the results of comparison and analysis, the suitability of karst area engineering suitability is synthetically evaluated. The results show that the result of the suitability evaluation of the karst area based on GIS in the Kunming section of the diversion project is high. The results of the suitability evaluation can be selected based on the evaluation results of GIS, and the engineering of the line section with large error is also available. Amend the suitability.
(6) the prevention and control of karst disasters in the diversion project should be optimized first according to the comprehensive evaluation results of engineering suitability. Secondly, appropriate measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the engineering operation and the shadow of the underground water environment. The noise is down to the lowest.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TV67;TV221.2;P208

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