基于GIS的北山花岗岩结构面空间分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 16:13

本文选题：北山 + 结构面　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：花岗岩岩体结构面调查、分析、建模是研究花岗岩工程岩体的重要方面,在实际情况中,岩体中结构面的空间分布是变化的,这种变化可能是均匀的或者不均匀的、随机的或者规律性的,表现为从一个工程地质单元到另一个单元的结构面展布特征、地质力学或者水文地质特征是相同或者不同的,因此对结构面空间分布形态的把握不仅是稳定性、渗透性研究的基础,更对工程建设具有很强的实际意义。本文围绕甘肃北山花岗岩结构面的空间分布特征,工作集中于北山花岗岩结构面空间分布特征的数据量测、数据存储、统计分析和建模研究等工作,分析总结了研究区域结构面空间分布的总体形态及变异特征并将其应用到岩体质量评价和三维结构面建模工作中,其研究意义在于从整体到细部阐明花岗岩结构面的空间分布特征并为后续的岩体稳定性、渗透性等研究打下基础。本文取得的研究成果具体如下： 1、首先从结构面数据的获取途径进行了创新,采用GPS-RTK技术改进了结构面迹长测量方法,大大提高了结构面数据获取速率；并将结构面数据存储在GIS数据平台上,为数据管理以及后续数据的分析处理提供便利基础； 2、利用GIS的toolbox工具对代表区域结构面数据进行了空间分布特征分析,具体是从分形特征和地质统计学特征两个方面入手：①北山地区花岗岩结构面在一定程度上是具有分形特征的,并且与其面密度值具有很强的关联性,这对各个级别结构面空间分布的整体评价乃至岩体质量的评价都具有重要的借鉴意义；②利用地质统计学理论研究发现,研究区域的花岗岩岩体结构面的空间分布具有很明显的各向异性,其中各向异性主轴特征明显； 3、通过对各向异性主轴分组分析其密度值变异函数特征发现,不同分组在空间分布上的变异性程度并不相同,即不同结构面分组的空间分布特征并不相同,除第1分组以外的其他结构面比较接近于均匀分布,而第1分组与整体结构面的空间分布变化特征最为相似,具有很明显的“空穴效应”特征； 4、针对结构面空间分布的“空穴效应”特征在建模中进行特殊考虑,即对第1分组结构面应该在考虑其空间分布的周期性变化特征基础上进行建模,并利用Matlab软件编制了相应程序,对第1分组结构面进行了二维模拟,并为三维结构面网络建模提出建议和方法。
[Abstract]:The investigation, analysis and modeling of the structural plane of granite are important aspects of the study of granite engineering rock mass. In the actual situation, the spatial distribution of the structural surface in the rock mass is changed, and this change may be uniform or uneven, random or regular, and is shown as a structural plane from an engineering geological unit to another. The characteristics of distribution, geomechanics or hydrogeological characteristics are the same or different, so the grasp of the spatial distribution pattern of the structure surface is not only the foundation of stability, permeability research, but also of great practical significance to the construction of the engineering.
This paper concentrates on the data measurement, data storage, statistical analysis and Modeling Research on the spatial distribution characteristics of the Beishan granite structural surface, focusing on the spatial distribution characteristics of the granite structural surface in the Beishan Mountain of Gansu. This paper analyzes and summarizes the total shape and variation characteristics of the spatial distribution of the regional structure surface and applies it to the quality evaluation of the rock mass. In the work of pricing and three-dimensional structural surface modeling, the research significance lies in clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of the granite structural surface from the whole to the detail, and laying the foundation for the subsequent research on the stability and permeability of the rock mass.
1, firstly, the method of obtaining the structure surface data is innovated, and the GPS-RTK technology is used to improve the measurement method of structural surface length, which greatly improves the data acquisition rate of the structure surface, and stores the structure surface data on the GIS data platform, which provides a convenient basis for data management and analysis of subsequent data.
2, using the toolbox tool of GIS to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the representative regional structural surface data, which is from the fractal characteristics and the geological statistical characteristics of two aspects: (1) the granite structural surface in the north mountain area has some fractal characteristics, and has a strong correlation with its surface density value. The overall evaluation of the spatial distribution of the level structure and the evaluation of the mass of rock mass have important reference significance.
3, through the analysis of the density variation function of the anisotropic spindle, it is found that the variability of different groups in spatial distribution is different, that is, the spatial distribution characteristics of different structural planes are different, and the other structures except the first groups are close to the uniform distribution, while the first groups and the whole structure face are empty. The characteristics of the distribution change are the most similar, and have obvious "hole effect" characteristics.
4, in view of the "hole effect" characteristic of the spatial distribution of the structural plane, the special consideration is made in the modeling. That is, the first packet structure surface should be modeled on the basis of the periodic variation characteristics of its spatial distribution, and the corresponding program is compiled with the Matlab software. The two-dimensional simulation of the first block structure surface is carried out, and the three-dimensional structure surface network is used. The method and suggestion for the modeling of the collaterals are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;P588.121

【参考文献】