北京市不同功能区不透水地表时空变化差异

发布时间：2018-05-28 21:59

本文选题：不透水地表 + 景观格局　；参考：《地理学报》2017年11期

【摘要】：目前有关北京市不透水地表的相关研究多数是从整体层面开展,忽略了其内部功能区的作用及差异。运用分类回归树(CART)及系列变化检测模型得到北京市1991年、2001年、2011年和2015年四期不透水地表分布,并运用标准差椭圆、洛伦兹曲线、贡献指数及景观格局理论对各功能区不透水地表的时空变化进行分析。结果显示:1991-2015年北京市不透水地表的总面积增加了约144.18%,分布的主导方向由早期的东北—西南趋向于当前的正北—正南。各功能区间不透水地表的空间分布异质性逐渐减弱,但贡献指数值存在很大差异:功能拓展区的贡献指数最高,其四年中的最低值(1.79)高于其他功能区四年最高值,是北京市不透水地表增长最主要的贡献区;功能核心区的蔓延度指数值最高,约为其他功能区的2倍,为不透水地表的优势聚集区;发展新区的贡献值由负值变为正值并成倍增长,成为北京市不透水地表增长的主要源区;生态涵养发展区的贡献指数始终为负,并逐年减小。不同类型不透水地表的景观指数和质心偏移均存在差异,高盖度不透水地表的形状指数和斑块密度值最小,分布最为集中,对生态环境影响较大,北京市在未来发展过程中应合理规划控制其空间格局及增长模式,尽量减缓其增长速度及团聚程度。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the researches on impermeable surface in Beijing are carried out on the whole level, ignoring the function and difference of the inner functional area. The distribution of impermeable surface in 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2015 was obtained by using the classification regression tree Cart) and a series of change detection models, and the standard deviation ellipse and Lorentz curve were used. The contribution index and landscape pattern theory were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of impermeable surface in each functional area. The results show that the total area of impervious surface in Beijing increased by 144.18 from 1991 to 2015, and the dominant direction of distribution changed from the early northeast to the southwest to the north to the south. The spatial heterogeneity of the impermeable surface of each functional region gradually weakened, but the contribution index value was very different: the contribution index of the functional expansion area was the highest, and the lowest value in four years was 1.79), which was higher than the highest value in the other functional areas in four years. It is the most important contribution area for the growth of impermeable surface in Beijing, and the spreading index of the functional core area is the highest, which is about 2 times of that of other functional areas, and is the dominant accumulation area of impervious surface. The contribution value of the new development area changed from negative value to positive value and increased exponentially, which became the main source of impermeable surface growth in Beijing, and the contribution index of ecological conservation development area was negative all the time and decreased year by year. The landscape index and centroid deviation of different types of impermeable surface are different. The shape index and patch density of high coverage impermeable surface are the smallest, and the distribution is the most concentrated, which has a great impact on the ecological environment. In the process of future development, Beijing should reasonably plan and control its spatial pattern and growth pattern, and try its best to slow down its growth rate and degree of agglomeration.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室;北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院;首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院;河北中核岩土工程有限责任公司;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953603) 国家自然科学基金项目(41671339) 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室资助项目(2017-FX-01(1))~~
【分类号】：P237;P901

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