三维地理模型快速制造技术及误差分析

发布时间：2018-06-01 18:51

本文选题：三维地理模型 + 快速制造　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从古至今,感知战场环境,掌握地势地形,是军队排兵布阵的基础,分析和应用地图则始终是这一感知过程不可或缺的工具。随着快速制造技术的兴起,传统地图以三维立体的形式表现出来,产生了三维地理模型。这种模型可艺术地模拟再现自然景观,直观表达地形地貌、地物特征和专题信息,是对客观世界真实形态的仿真表达。它与传统沙盘相比,具有精度高、重量轻、便于携带的特点,特别是地形显示更加精细明确,为军事地形分析、首长指挥决策、部队遂行任务等提供了准确可靠的依据。然而,国内对三维地理模型快速制造技术的相关研究还比较少,因此本文将根据长期研究和生产实践,总结基于三维雕刻及三维喷绘技术的三维地理模型生产流程,旨在为模型的高效生产和相关研发提供基本的理论探讨和经验总结。快速制造技术是将待打印物体数字化生成固定格式的三维模型文件,并运用粉末状金属、可融性塑料线圈、纸张、或者泡沫板、木板、石板等材料,通过逐层叠加或删减的方式来构造再现实物模型的一种技术。快速制造技术可分为增材制造和减材制造。本文首次将减材制造技术引入理信息领域,结合地理空间数据建模、大幅面数控雕刻和三维喷绘着色技术等,对三维地理模型和高精度三维地形图的制作工艺流程进行创新性设计,使先进的快速制造技术和三维喷绘技术应用于地理模型制作中成为现实。消除了传统地理模型制作方法来带的人为误差,准确地描述了地形起伏的细微特征。通过高密度塑料泡沫板以及高密度聚氨酯材料进行制作,不仅能有效解决三维地理模型打印原材料成本过高、色彩表达度不够等问题,而且大大降低了大幅面三维地理模型的制作周期,弥补了通过3D打印技术在三维地理模型制作中的不足。此外还对三维喷绘机器人的工作原理及相关技术以及三维喷绘系统使用的分色算法等进行研究,通过改进角度优化方法来减少模型制作过程中的误差,同时对模型表面的图片纹理信息进行人工干预处理,使制作出的模型效果更为逼真。随着制造技术的发展,三维地理模型在地理要素的准确性及精度方面会越来越高,值得加强研究推广和应用。利用声、光、电、多媒体等技术与模型相结合,可以使效果更加逼真,使用功能更加全面。将地理信息系统与模型结合起来,可实现缓冲区分析,最短路径分析等,让三维地理模型快速制造技术变得越来越有价值。
[Abstract]:From ancient to present, understanding battlefield environment and mastering terrain is the foundation of army platoon array, and analysis and application of map is always an indispensable tool for this perception process. With the rise of rapid manufacturing technology, traditional maps are presented in the form of three-dimensional, resulting in three-dimensional geographical models. This model can be used to simulate and reproduce the natural landscape, express the landform, features and special information, and is the simulation expression of the real form of the objective world. Compared with the traditional sand table, it has the characteristics of high precision, light weight and easy to carry. Especially, the terrain display is more precise and clear, which provides an accurate and reliable basis for military terrain analysis, command and decision making by the chief, and the task of the army. However, there are few researches on 3D geographic model rapid manufacturing technology in China. Therefore, according to the long-term research and production practice, this paper will summarize the 3D geographic model production flow based on 3D carving and 3D spray painting technology. The aim is to provide basic theoretical discussion and experience summary for efficient production and related R & D of the model. Rapid manufacturing technology is to digitize the objects to be printed into three-dimensional model files in a fixed format, using powder metal, thawable plastic coils, paper, or foam, plank, stone, etc. A technique for constructing and reproducing a physical model by stacking or deleting it layer by layer. Rapid manufacturing technology can be divided into increased material manufacturing and reduced material manufacturing. In this paper, the technology of material reduction is introduced into the field of theory information for the first time, which combines with the modeling of geospatial data, large format numerical control engraving and 3D painting and coloring, etc. The process flow of 3D geographical model and high precision 3D topographic map is innovatively designed, which makes the advanced rapid manufacturing technology and 3D spray painting technology become a reality in the manufacture of geographical model. The artificial error of traditional geographical model making method is eliminated and the fine features of terrain undulation are accurately described. The high density plastic foam board and the high density polyurethane material can not only effectively solve the problems such as high cost of raw materials and insufficient color expression of 3D geographic model printing, etc. Moreover, it greatly reduces the production cycle of large format 3D geographic model, and makes up for the deficiency of 3D geographic model making by 3D printing technology. In addition, the working principle and related technology of 3D spray painting robot and the color separation algorithm used in 3D spray painting system are also studied, which can reduce the errors in the process of making the model by improving the angle optimization method. At the same time, the image texture information on the surface of the model is processed manually to make the model more realistic. With the development of manufacturing technology, the accuracy and accuracy of 3D geographical model will be higher and higher, so it is worth strengthening the research and application. Sound, light, electricity, multimedia and other technologies combined with the model, can make the effect more realistic, more comprehensive use function. Combining geographic information system with model, buffer analysis and shortest path analysis can be realized, which makes rapid manufacturing technology of 3D geographical model more and more valuable.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P287;TP391.73

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