基于GIS山区农地适宜性综合评价及承载力分析

发布时间：2018-06-08 18:55

本文选题：3S技术 + 农地资源评价　；参考：《山东农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国山区自然资源丰富,开发潜力大,是生态安全体系的保障,也是社会经济发展的后备资源。但因为长期片面追求经济效益,土地开发方式不尽合理,造成了水土流失、土地退化面积增大、山地灾害频繁、生态环境恶化等问题,使得丰富的山区资源不能合理的开发,不能充分发挥山区资源优势,在一定程度上阻碍了山区农林牧产业的发展。农地资源适宜性评价是山区农地资源合理利用和有效配置的前提,因此对农地资源进行评价具有十分重要的意义。山区自然环境、社会经济都必须与一定的人口承载量相匹配,才可以缓解人口-资源-环境间的矛盾,实现区域社会经济的可持续发展。可见,人口承载力是山区土地综合整治与利用规划的一项基础性工作。本文选取胶东半岛具有典型特征的栖霞市作为主要研究区域,在实地调查研究的基础上,结合“3S”技术,研究区域地形—土壤—气候—植被地学信息挖掘技术,建立基础数据平台,从栖霞市发展全局出发,以生态安全、经济发展、土地持续利用为目标,以研究区自然本底特征为基础,结合土地利用现状等相关数据,采用GIS与专家模型相结合的方法,选取土地适宜性评价指标,建立土地适宜性评价模型,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能,开展山区土地宜耕性、宜林性、宜园性以及宜牧性评价,对结果进行定性和定量分析,得到研究区宜耕性土地、宜林性土地、宜园性土地以及宜牧性土地的数量和分布特征。综合平衡各类用地的适宜性,兼顾国家政策以及山区功能定位对山区生态建设的要求,按照“耕地优先,然后园林牧用地,并且保持现有林地和园地”的原则安排各业用地,得到栖霞市农业用地综合布局成果,提出栖霞市农用地资源合理利用和保护的对策；在上述研究基础上,结合研究区社会经济数据,采用生态足迹法、粮食生产能力法、劳动力需求法三种方法,对山区合理的人口承载能力进行了科学估算与判断。综合以上研究结果,得到研究区各类用地适宜性综合评价成果和区域承载人口能力估算结果。基于GIS的山区农地适宜性评价评价是一项探索性很强的工作,在评价过程中强调结合社会经济特征和经济效益分析,既反映土地的自然特性又要反射出土地利用社会经济效益。在评价过程中本文结合山区特征,将数理模型与GIS技术相结合,以区域自然本底特征和社会经济状况为基础,探讨了山区县域农地资源适宜性评价的方法,增加了山区农地地资源适宜评价应用案例。同时建立的山区精准地学数据库,提高了研究精度,有利于对县域土地资源空间变化和功能分异进行深入的分析,能够更微观的指导实践,为山区土地资源管理、农业结构调整等研究提供了参数支持。
[Abstract]:The mountain area of our country is rich in natural resources and has great potential for exploitation. It is the guarantee of ecological security system and the reserve resource of social and economic development. However, because of the long and one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and the unreasonable way of land development, such problems as soil and water loss, land degradation area increasing, frequent mountain disasters, ecological environment deterioration and so on, make the rich mountain resources cannot be rationally exploited. To a certain extent, the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry industry in mountainous areas has been hindered by the inability to give full play to the superiority of mountain resources. The evaluation of the suitability of farmland resources is the premise of rational utilization and effective allocation of agricultural land resources in mountainous areas, so it is of great significance to evaluate agricultural land resources. In order to alleviate the contradiction between population, resources and environment and realize the sustainable development of regional social economy, the natural environment and social economy of mountain areas must be matched with certain population carrying capacity. It can be seen that population carrying capacity is a basic work for comprehensive land reclamation and utilization planning in mountainous areas. This paper selects Qixia City, which has typical characteristics in Jiaodong Peninsula, as the main research area, and on the basis of field investigation, Combined with "3s" technology, this paper studies the regional topographic, soil-climate and vegetation geoscience information mining technology, establishes the basic data platform, sets out from the overall situation of Qixia city's development, takes ecological security, economic development and land sustainable utilization as its goal. Based on the characteristics of the natural background of the study area, combining with the relevant data such as the present situation of land use, this paper adopts the method of combining GIS with expert model, selects the evaluation index of land suitability, establishes the evaluation model of land suitability, and makes use of the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS. The quantity and distribution characteristics of arable land, forest land, orchard land and pastoral land in the study area were obtained by the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the evaluation of land suitability for farming, forest, orchard and grazing in mountain areas, and the quantitative and quantitative analysis of the results were made. The results showed that the quantity and distribution characteristics of the land were suitable for cultivation, forest, orchard and pasturage. To comprehensively balance the suitability of all kinds of land use, to take into account the requirements of the national policy and the functional positioning of mountain areas for the ecological construction of mountain areas, and to arrange the land for various industries according to the principle of "giving priority to cultivated land, then garden and pastoral land, and maintaining the existing forest land and garden land". The comprehensive layout of agricultural land in Qixia City was obtained, and the countermeasures of rational utilization and protection of agricultural land resources in Qixia City were put forward, and on the basis of the above research, the ecological footprint method and the method of grain production capacity were adopted in combination with the social and economic data of the study area. Three methods of labor demand method are used to estimate and judge the reasonable carrying capacity of population in mountainous area. Based on the above research results, the results of comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of various types of land in the study area and the estimation of the carrying capacity of the region are obtained. The evaluation of the suitability of agricultural land in mountainous areas based on GIS is a strong exploratory work. In the process of evaluation, it is emphasized to combine the social and economic characteristics with the analysis of economic benefits, which not only reflects the natural characteristics of land, but also reflects the social and economic benefits of land use. In the course of evaluation, combining the characteristics of mountainous areas, combining mathematical model with GIS technology, based on the regional natural background characteristics and social and economic conditions, this paper discusses the method of evaluating the suitability of rural land resources in mountainous counties. The application cases of suitable evaluation of farmland and land resources in mountainous areas are added. At the same time, the precision database of mountain area is established, which improves the research precision, and is helpful for the in-depth analysis of the spatial change and functional differentiation of the county land resources, and can guide the practice more microscopically, so as to manage the land resources in the mountainous areas. The research of agricultural structure adjustment provides parameter support.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;F301.2

【参考文献】