基于GIS的洪湖湿地水生植物分布结构的研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 14:49

本文选题：洪湖湿地 + 水生植物　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,在许多方面具有重要的作用。湿地水生植物作为湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,在维持湿地生态系统健康性和稳定性上有不可替代的作用。研究湿地水生植物分布结构及复杂度,对其进行定量化分析,可以有效地检测湖泊水生植物的动态变化,反映出湖泊生态的健康程度,以为湖泊湿地的植被保护和修复提供参考依据。洪湖是江汉平原湖泊群的典型代表,研究洪湖的水生植被分布具有重要的参考意义。本文研究的主要内容和得到的结论主要包括以下几个方面： (一)本文结合理论和实践,选取了圈层数、种类数、斑块总数、形状指数之和、湖泊岸线的曲折度这5个指标,运用连积法和归—化的方法,建立了湿地水生植物分布复杂度模型,并分析了该模型的适用范围、精度、优缺点及今后需要改进的地方。 (二)运用ARCGIS等GIS软件,做出了洪湖1982年和2008年的水生植被水平,并结合DEM数据,利用ARCGIS中的3D分析功能得到了洪湖湿地的几条纵剖面图,根据这些纵剖面线,利用画图工具Adobe Photoshop CS5,绘制出了这几条纵剖面的示意图,并将水生植物的分布情况加入图中,最终绘制出了洪湖水生植物的垂直结构分布示意图。针对洪湖湿地水生植物的水平和垂直分布图,从多个角度分析了洪湖1982年和2008年的水生植被的分布特点和规律。 (三)结合洪湖湿地水生植物的水平和垂直分布图,将本文已经建立好的模型应用到洪湖湿地的实际研究中,从斑块形状、圈层结构、植被种类、优势种、垂直分层等方面分析了洪湖1982年和2008年的水生植被的分布的变化情况。研究发现：和1982年比,2008年洪湖水生植物分布复杂度数值由4.4994降低到4.4770,说明洪湖湿地2008年比1982年的水生植物分布复杂度降低了,稍趋于简单化了,但变化不剧烈。得出结论：洪湖湿地水生植被总体恢复到1982年的水平,但在分布形态和群落结构和层次上发生了一些变化。分析其变化的原因,指出跟人类活动的干扰密不可分,尤其是这六十年来,人类对洪湖开发利用的三个不同的历史阶段的干扰程度和方式对洪湖的水生植物分布有着极其重要的影响。结合上述结论,针对存在的问题,提出了关于洪湖湿地水生植物恢复和保护的可行性措施,给管理者提供了一些建议。
[Abstract]:Wetland is an important part of global ecosystem and plays an important role in many aspects. As an important part of wetland ecosystem, aquatic plants play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the health and stability of wetland ecosystem. The study on the distribution structure and complexity of aquatic plants in wetlands can effectively detect the dynamic changes of aquatic plants in lakes and reflect the ecological health of lakes. It provides reference for vegetation protection and restoration of lake wetland. Honghu Lake is a typical representative of lake group in Jianghan Plain. It is of great significance to study the distribution of aquatic vegetation in Honghu Lake. The main contents and conclusions of this paper mainly include the following aspects: (1) combined with theory and practice, this paper selects the number of circles, the number of species, the total number of patches, the sum of shape index. By using the method of accumulation and normalization, the distributional complexity model of wetland aquatic plants is established. The application range, accuracy, advantages and disadvantages of the model are analyzed, as well as the areas that need to be improved in the future. (2) using GIS software, such as ARCGIS, the level of aquatic vegetation in Honghu in 1982 and 2008 has been made. Combined with Dem data, several vertical profiles of Honghu wetland have been obtained by using 3D analysis function of ARCGIS, according to these vertical profile lines, Using the drawing tool Adobe Photoshop CS5, the schematic diagrams of these vertical sections are drawn, and the distribution of aquatic plants is added to the diagram. Finally, the vertical structure distribution of aquatic plants in Honghu Lake is drawn. Based on the horizontal and vertical distribution maps of aquatic plants in Honghu wetland, the distribution characteristics and laws of aquatic vegetation in Honghu Lake in 1982 and 2008 were analyzed from several angles. (3) combining the horizontal and vertical distribution map of aquatic plants in Honghu wetland, the model that has been established in this paper has been applied to the actual study of Honghu wetland, from patch shape, circle structure, vegetation species, dominant species, The distribution of aquatic vegetation in Honghu Lake in 1982 and 2008 was analyzed in terms of vertical stratification. It is found that compared with 1982, the distribution complexity of aquatic plants in Honghu Lake decreased from 4.4994 to 4.4770 in 2008, indicating that the complexity of distribution of aquatic plants in Honghu wetland in 2008 was lower than that in 1982, and tended to be simplified, but the change was not drastic. It is concluded that the aquatic vegetation in Honghu wetland has recovered to the level of 1982, but some changes have taken place in distribution form, community structure and level. By analyzing the reasons for its change, it is pointed out that it is inextricably linked to the interference of human activities, especially in the past 60 years. The degree and manner of human disturbance to the three historical stages of the development and utilization of Honghu Lake have an extremely important influence on the distribution of aquatic plants in Honghu Lake. According to the above conclusions, the feasible measures for the restoration and protection of aquatic plants in Honghu wetland were put forward, and some suggestions were given to the managers.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X173

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