GNSS天线相位中心改正模型的建立

发布时间：2018-06-17 11:16

本文选题：GNSS + 定轨精度　；参考：《中国地震局地震预测研究所》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）天线包括GNSS卫星天线和GNSS接收机天线。GNSS接收机通过天线来获取卫星天线发射的信号及相关数据信息，作为重要的终端设备，GNSS天线发射信号与接收信号的位置标定精度对导航精度有较大影响。在GNSS测量应用中，所观测到的伪距或载波相位值都是基于接收机天线相位中心到卫星天线相位中心之间的距离来测量的，，而GNSS数据处理是以卫星质心或接收机天线参考点（APR）为基准的，由于天线本身的特性，其相位中心和质心或参考点并不重合，因此在GNSS高精度应用中必须考虑天线相位中心改正的问题。 GNSS天线相位中心改正包括相对于天线参考点的平均相位中心偏差（PCO）和随卫星高度角和方位角不断变化的相位中心变化（PCV）。不同类型的天线，其相位中心偏差和变化模型是不一样的，标定方法也是多种的。通常认为相同类型的天线有相同的相位中心偏差值和相位中心变化值，但是也跟天线品牌、天线罩的使用、材料、形状等有关。随着我国导航事业的迅猛发展，国产GNSS天线的类型和使用越来越多，我们希望能够自主建立一套天线相位中心改正模型，加入到数据处理中，以得到更好、更精确的定位、定轨效果，从而为更好地研究地震、地下水监测等提供更好的平台，为导航事业带来更好的发展。本文以自主建立GNSS天线的相位中心改正模型为目的，结合我国导航系统目前是区域性覆盖的实际情况，从以下四个方面，分析研究建模的必要性、设计建模方案、进行建模实验等过程，最终建立了一套GNSS天线相位中心改正的模型： 1、从全球卫星导航系统出发，简单介绍了GNSS天线相位中心、GNSS天线类型、接收机天线相位中心与在轨卫星天线相位中心的关系以及PCO和PCV的关系影响等，阐述了论文的研究背景，探讨了建立天线相位中心改正模型的意义，分析了国内外对天线相位中心改正的研究现状。 2、经过对GNSS天线相位中心改正模型的调研，总结了多种GNSS天线相位中心偏差和变化的精确标定方法，对比分析了各种方法的利弊，并描述在轨GNSS卫星的天线相位中心变化的校定方案，为建立适合我国导航卫星天线相位中心改正模型奠定了基础。 3、借鉴国外建立GNSS天线相位中心改正模型的方法，结合我国导航系统测站区域性覆盖的现状，以IGS所给天线相位中心改正模型为参考，设计一套标定天线PCO和PCV的程序，并建立一套完整的天线相位中心改正模型，与IGS08的相应模型对比，精度好于3mm。将所得模型带入到GAMIT软件中进行基线解算，与IGS08模型解算的结果对比，对比结果显示，我们建立的天线相位中心改正模型的方法是可行的，甚至相对于IGS08模型的精度某种程度有所提高。 4、以卫星天线的相位中心偏差PCO和相位中心变化PCV以及卫星的质量为测试对象，用IGS官方所给卫星天线的相位中心偏差、变化以及质量为标准值，从卫星的径向、切向、法向以及其整体精度四个方面来评估卫星天线的相位中心改正和卫星质量的变化对定轨精度的影响，在分析天线的相位中心偏移与变化以及卫星质量对定轨精度的影响的基础上，指出了卫星天线相位中心改正有进一步改进的空间。基于上面的研究和方法，希望能够建立适合于我国北斗的天线相位中心改正模型，这将对我国正在蓬勃发展的导航事业有较大意义。
[Abstract]:The global satellite navigation system (GNSS) antenna includes the GNSS satellite antenna and the GNSS receiver antenna.GNSS receiver to obtain the signal and related data information from the satellite antenna through the antenna. As an important terminal device, the calibration precision of the GNSS antenna and the received signal is greatly influenced by the accuracy of the navigation accuracy. The measurement of GNSS should be measured. In use, the observed pseudo distance or carrier phase values are measured on the basis of the distance between the phase center of the receiver antenna and the phase center of the satellite antenna, and the GNSS data processing is based on the satellite centroid or the receiver antenna reference point (APR), and the phase center and the centroid or reference point are not coincided because of the characteristics of the antenna itself. Therefore, the correction of antenna phase center must be taken into account in the high accuracy application of GNSS.
The correction of the phase center of the GNSS antenna includes the average phase center deviation (PCO) relative to the reference point of the antenna and the phase center change (PCV) changing with the altitude and azimuth of the satellite. The different types of antenna, the phase center deviation and the change model are different, and the calibration method is also varied. With the same phase center deviation value and phase center change value, it is also related to the antenna brand, the use of the radome, the material, the shape and so on. With the rapid development of our country's navigation, the type and the use of the domestic GNSS antenna are more and more. We hope to establish a set of antenna phase center correction model independently and join the data section. In order to get better, more accurate positioning and track effect, it provides a better platform for better research on earthquake, groundwater monitoring and so on, which will bring better development for the navigation cause.
In this paper, based on the independent establishment of the phase center correction model of GNSS antenna, combined with the actual situation of regional coverage in China's navigation system, from the following four aspects, we analyze the necessity of research modeling, design the modeling scheme, carry on the modeling experiment and so on, and finally build a set of GNSS antenna phase center correction model.
1, from the global satellite navigation system, the phase center of the GNSS antenna, the type of GNSS antenna, the relationship between the phase center of the receiver antenna and the phase center of the orbit satellite antenna and the relationship between the PCO and the PCV are introduced. The research background of the paper is expounded, the significance of the Jian Litian line phase center correction model is discussed, and the domestic and foreign countries are analyzed. The current research status of antenna phase center correction.
2, through the investigation of the GNSS antenna phase center correction model, the accurate calibration method of the phase center deviation and change of various GNSS antennas is summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are compared and analyzed, and the calibration scheme of the phase center change of the antenna on the rail GNSS satellite is described, in order to establish a correction model suitable for the phase center of our navigation satellite antenna. The foundation is laid.
3, using the method of establishing the GNSS antenna phase center correction model abroad and combining the current situation of the regional coverage of the navigation system in our country, this paper designs a set of program to calibrate the antenna PCO and PCV, and establishes a set of complete antenna phase center correction model, which is compared with the corresponding model of IGS08, with the reference of the correction model of the antenna phase center. The accuracy is better than that of 3mm., which is taken into the GAMIT software to calculate the baseline, and compared with the results of the IGS08 model. The comparison results show that the method of the antenna phase center correction model is feasible, and even to some extent the accuracy of the IGS08 model is improved.
4, with the phase center deviation PCO of the satellite antenna and the phase center change PCV and the quality of the satellite as the test object, the phase center deviation, the change and the quality of the satellite antenna are given by the official IGS, and the correction of the phase center of the satellite antenna is evaluated from the four aspects of the satellite's radial, tangential, normal and the overall accuracy. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the phase center migration and change of the antenna and the influence of the satellite quality on the orbit determination accuracy, the effect of the change of the mass of the star on the orbit accuracy is pointed out, and the further improvement space for the correction of the phase center of the satellite antenna is pointed out.
Based on the above research and methods, we hope to establish a correction model for the antenna phase center suitable for the dipper in China, which will be of great significance to the booming navigation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局地震预测研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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