基于暴雨内涝空间分析的成都交通应急疏散模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:59

本文选题：成都 + 暴雨内涝　；参考：《四川师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：成都是西部核心增长极城市，城市化进程明显加快。受全球气候变化的影响，近几年极端天气增多，城市暴雨内涝灾害频发，给人民生命财产安全带来了不少损失。加强城市暴雨内涝的空间范围模拟和内涝区交通疏散工作势在必行。本文以成都市主城区为例，，经文献收集、数据采集等步骤，充分运用地理空间信息技术，以人员尽快得以疏散，减小灾害带来的损失为根本目的，建立适合于平原地区城市的内涝空间模型以及交通疏散模型。论文的主要研究内容和取得的主要研究成果如下： (1)本文利用DEM数据，叠加极端降雨量数据，在假设成都主城区降雨条件均一的情况下，从水文的径流分析角度切入，借助于ArcGIS模型生成器完成内涝空间扩散模型组建。建立成都暴雨内涝的空间淹没范围模型，精度达到85.75％，基本符合成都内涝淹没范围模拟的要求。并分析成都内涝区的空间分布特点。 (2)从内涝形成到人员应急疏散的角度考虑，结合最优路径思想，选择最典型的Dijkstra算法，借助Matlab平台，建立了交通应急疏散模型。模型的结果分析界面，最优路径赋予彩色，突出显示，实现疏散路线的静态可视化。基于ArcGIS中的Python脚本和Matlab平台编程，完成空间数据和属性数据的批处理，模型在成都武侯区的玉林典型内涝区进行交通疏散模拟，模拟误差在允许范围内，符合成都内涝时期交通应急疏散要求。 (3)综合分析成都暴雨内涝的空间分布特点和内涝成因，并通过实地走访分析典型严重内涝区的具体原因，提出预防内涝的措施和一旦发生内涝交通拥堵后的应对策略。 (4)本文的内涝交通应急疏散模型实例证实了地理信息空间算法在平原内涝城市具有普遍适用价值，依据本文可以对其他可能的内涝区提出交通缓解应对方案。本文的创新之处在于：1)避免了前人建立内涝模型对水文数据和气象数据要求较高的条件，侧重于后期应急疏散；2)以GIS空间分析能力依据现有DEM和极值降雨量数据建立简单的内涝空间扩散模型，精度符合要求，更贴近现实，降低了运算时间耗费，满足应急快速模拟的要求；3)内涝空间扩散模型和交通应急疏散模型对其他平原城市也具有推广性。
[Abstract]:Chengdu is the western core growth pole city, the urbanization process speeds up obviously. Under the influence of global climate change, extreme weather has increased in recent years, and urban rainstorms and waterlogging disasters frequently occur, which has brought a lot of losses to the safety of people's lives and property. It is imperative to strengthen spatial simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging and traffic evacuation in waterlogged area. Taking the main urban area of Chengdu as an example, the basic purpose of this paper is to make full use of geospatial information technology through documents collection, data collection and so on, in order to evacuate people as soon as possible and reduce the losses caused by disasters. The waterlogging spatial model and the traffic evacuation model are established for cities in plain areas. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) this paper uses Dem data to superimpose extreme rainfall data, under the assumption of uniform rainfall conditions in Chengdu main urban area. From the point of view of runoff analysis of hydrology, the spatial diffusion model of waterlogging is constructed by means of ArcGIS model generator. The spatial inundation range model of storm waterlogging in Chengdu is established, and the precision reaches 85.75, which basically meets the requirements of the simulation of flood inundation range in Chengdu. The spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging area in Chengdu are analyzed. From the perspective of waterlogging formation to emergency evacuation of personnel, considering the idea of optimal path, the most typical Dijkstra algorithm is selected, and the traffic emergency evacuation model is established with the help of Matlab platform. The result analysis interface of the model, the optimal path gives color, highlights, realizes the static visualization of the evacuation route. Based on the Python script in ArcGIS and Matlab platform programming, the batch processing of spatial data and attribute data is completed. The model simulates the traffic evacuation in typical waterlogging area of Yulin in Wuhou District of Chengdu, and the simulation error is within the allowable range. In accordance with the emergency evacuation requirements of traffic during the waterlogging period in Chengdu, the spatial distribution characteristics and the causes of internal waterlogging in Chengdu rainstorm are comprehensively analyzed, and the specific causes of typical severe waterlogging areas are analyzed through field visits. The measures to prevent waterlogging and the countermeasures to prevent waterlogging after traffic jam are put forward. 4) the example of emergency evacuation model of waterlogging traffic in this paper proves that the spatial algorithm of geographic information is of universal value in plain waterlogging cities. According to this paper, traffic mitigation solutions can be proposed for other possible waterlogging areas. The innovation of this paper lies in: (1) avoiding the requirement of hydrological data and meteorological data in the establishment of waterlogging model by predecessors, and focusing on emergency evacuation in the later period; 2) based on the existing Dem and extreme rainfall data, a simple spatial diffusion model of waterlogging is established based on GIS spatial analysis ability, which meets the requirements of accuracy, closer to reality, reduces the computational time consumption, and meets the requirements of rapid emergency simulation; 3) the spatial diffusion model of waterlogging and the traffic emergency evacuation model are also extended to other plain cities.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208;P426.616

【参考文献】