森林小班数据的时空建模、更新及表达研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:49

本文选题：森林资源 + 小班　；参考：《浙江大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：小班(Subcompartment)是森林资源监测和统计的基本单位,是森林资源信息的负载体。在信息技术迅猛发展的今天,小班数据的采集、管理和更新受到很大重视,但由于这些工作受到很多因素的影响,如对小班时空过程的认识、森林资源调查和监测体系的完善,信息技术的使用等,目前还有许多不完善的地方。在实际工作中,林业部门以统计工作为重,小班图形数据得不到有效维护,与现实差距大,各期数据之间缺乏关联,数据价值没有被充分体现。时空数据库已在地籍管理、土地利用管理等多个领域得到研究和应用,其研究范畴包括时空数据建模、时空数据更新、时空索引等。本论文引入时空数据库理论与技术来管理森林小班数据,目的是将小班数据的采集、管理、更新、可视化等工作加以整合,实现对森林资源时空过程的有效表达。本论文在深入研究森林资源调查和监测工作的基础上,分析了小班地理实体的时空演变,认为小班时空过程是渐变和突变相交替的时空过程。论文设计了序列状态时空数据表达方法,该方法通过序列快照方法和事件方法的组合来表达渐变和突变相交替的时空过程,并基于这个方法设计了森林资源时空数据模型。该模型以小班、小班状态、细班状态三种对象的序列组合来表达小班地理实体的时空过程。在森林资源时空数据模型研究的基础上,论文提出了多源时空数据动态更新框架的思想。框架包括森林小班的时空过程、时空数据模型、时空数据库、数据采集和更新机构等五个部分,更新机构依据时空一致性规则进行数据库更新,而时空一致性规则又以时空数据模型的完整性约束为基础。论文深入分析了当前存在的数据源以及相互之间的关系,并讨论了更新机构的组成、时空一致性规则和更新流程。森林资源时空数据库的数据序列本身就是对小班时空演变最好的表达,但用户通常只需要查询小范围的时空序列。论文通过事件表、实体关联表、时间索引表实现不同方式的数据关联和索引,可以方便地实现特定历史时刻再现和对象历史回溯等时空数据的检索功能。时空表达必须通过可视化传递给用户,本论文设计了三种可视化方法来表达小班地理实体的演变。第一种是历史树方法,以不同深度的树节点记录小班的历史对象及其所有的专题属性；第二种是面向矢量地物演变的时空立方体可视化方法,以x,y,t三维来表达地物的时空演变,并应用于小班状态演变、多维属性演变的可视化；论文也设计了小班演变的动态可视化表达。论文最后通过森林资源管理原型系统及其时空数据库的设计和实现,检验了时空数据模型、数据更新框架、数据检索和可视化表达等各项方法和技术。信息技术和测绘技术在不断发展,相应地,森林资源信息管理技术和方法的演进也不会停止。本论文对小班数据的建模、更新和表达作了比较全面的研究和阐述,为森林资源信息管理技术和方法的演进作了有价值的工作。
[Abstract]:Subcompartment is the basic unit of monitoring and statistics of forest resources and the load body of forest resource information. In today's rapid development of information technology, the collection, management and renewal of small class data have been paid great attention. However, these work has been influenced by many factors, such as the understanding of the time and space process in small classes, the investigation of forest resources and There are many imperfect places in the improvement of the monitoring system and the use of information technology. In the actual work, the forestry department takes the statistical work as the heavy, the small class graphic data can not be effectively maintained, the gap with the reality is large, the data of each period is lack of association, and the value of the data is not fully reflected.
Spatio-temporal database has been studied and applied in many fields, such as cadastral management, land use management, and so on. The research category includes spatio-temporal data modeling, spatio-temporal data updating, spatio-temporal index and so on. This paper introduces spatio-temporal database theory and technology to manage forest small class data. The purpose of this paper is to collect, manage, update and visualize small class data. Work is integrated to achieve effective expression of spatiotemporal processes of forest resources.
Based on the in-depth study of forest resources investigation and monitoring, the spatio-temporal evolution of small class geographic entities is analyzed. The spatio-temporal process of the small class spatio-temporal process is considered to be a spatio-temporal process of gradual change and abrupt mutation. This paper designs a spatio-temporal data expression method of sequence state, which is expressed by combination of sequence snapshot method and event method. Based on this method, the spatio-temporal data model of forest resources is designed based on this method, and the spatio-temporal process of the small class geographic entities is expressed in a small class, a small class state, and a fine class state of three objects.
Based on the study of spatio-temporal data model of forest resources, this paper proposes the idea of dynamic updating framework of multi source spatio-temporal data, which includes five parts, such as space-time process, spatio-temporal data model, spatio-temporal database, data collection and updating mechanism, and update the database on the basis of spatiotemporal consistency rules. The space consistency rule is based on the integrity constraints of spatiotemporal data model. The paper analyzes the existing data sources and the relationship between each other, and discusses the composition of the update mechanism, the time and space consistency rules and the updating process.
The data sequence of the spatio-temporal database of forest resources itself is the best expression for the evolution of the small class time and space, but the user usually only needs to query the small range of space-time sequence. The paper realizes the data association and index of different ways through the event table, the entity association table, the time index table, and can conveniently realize the reappearance and the object calendar of the specific historical time. History backtracking and other spatiotemporal data retrieval functions.
Spatio-temporal expression must be visualized to the user. This paper designs three visualization methods to express the evolution of small class geographic entities. The first is a history tree method, which records the historical objects of small classes with different depth of tree nodes and all the thematic attributes; the second is a spatio-temporal cube oriented to the evolution of vector objects. The spatio-temporal evolution of ground objects is expressed in X, y, and T, and it is applied to the evolution of small classes and the visualization of the evolution of multi-dimensional attributes; and the paper also designs the dynamic visual expression of the evolution of small classes.
Finally, through the design and implementation of the prototype system of forest resource management and its spatio-temporal database, the paper tests the methods and techniques of spatio-temporal data model, data updating framework, data retrieval and visualization expression.
Information technology and mapping technology are developing continuously. Accordingly, the evolution of forest resources information management technology and method will not stop. This paper makes a comprehensive research and exposition on the modeling, updating and expression of small class data, and has made valuable work for the evolution of forest resource information management technology and methods.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S757.2;P208

【参考文献】