基于GIS的大连市地下水脆弱性与紧迫性研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 14:04

本文选题：地下水 + 脆弱性　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国城镇化的迅速发展，地下水污染问题日益严重，导致可利用地下水资源的减少，，加剧了水资源供需矛盾，直接影响生产、生活与生态环境的健康发展。对大连市区地下水污染进行紧迫性分析，有利于优化资源与人力在地下水污染治理中的分配，使相关部门对地下水污染的治理更高效；也可供决策部门在进行地下水开发利用中参考，以实现可持续发展的目的。地下水环境质量评价是判断区域地下水水质状况的常用方法，地下水污染评价以地下水质量评价为基础，地下水本质的脆弱性和外部污染源等级是影响地下水质量的两个重要因素。本文以大连市中心城区为研究区，针对市区地下水脆弱性与紧迫性问题进行研究，主要内容包括：（1）全面总结目前国内外地下水污染的研究现状，分析了地下水脆弱性评价、污染源分级、地下水质量评价的研究方法以及GIS工具在地下水脆弱性及水质评价中的应用，探讨了地下水污染紧迫性研究的思路。（2）从影响地下水质量的固有脆弱性因素出发，对大连市地下水221个数据进行了脆弱性评价。评价采用较为成熟的DRASTIC评价体系，使用熵权法确定其权重，最终得到脆弱性评价指数。利用ArcGIS软件对7个指标进行了分区制图与空间合并。根据脆弱性评价结果将其分为五个等级，并对结果进行了分析。（3）从释放污染物的污染源因素出发，详细调查了大连市的农林污染源、生活污染源、工矿业污染源、污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场与海水入侵六种类型污染源的分布情况，采用简单评判法与详细分级法相结合的方法分别对其进行了评价。利用ArcGIS软件进行了制图，最终得到了污染源分级图，并根据评价结果将其分为低、中、高三个级别，对大连市污染源分布状况进行了分析。（4）对大连市地下水环境质量现状进行了评价。首先采用了加附注式评分法对2011年9月的156个数据进行了分级评价。然后利用聚类分析方法对其进行了分类评价。最后基于ArcGIS软件利用克里金插值法将156个点状数据转化为面状数据，得到大连市地下水质量现状评价图，并对其进行了分析。（5）探讨了地下水污染紧迫性的概念，通过对比地下水脆弱性与污染源的关系得到推断地下水质量的理论分析表，并使之与地下水质量现状对比以检验其可行性。通过对比大连市地下水脆弱性图、污染源分级图与地下水质量现状图三者之间的关系，对大连市地下水污染提出治理策略与建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the problem of groundwater pollution is becoming more and more serious, which leads to the reduction of available groundwater resources, exacerbates the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, and directly affects the healthy development of production, life and ecological environment. The analysis of the urgency of groundwater pollution in Dalian is helpful to optimize the distribution of resources and manpower in groundwater pollution control and to make the relevant departments more efficient in groundwater pollution treatment. It can also be used as a reference for decision-making departments in groundwater exploitation and utilization to realize the purpose of sustainable development. Groundwater environmental quality assessment is a common method to judge regional groundwater quality. Groundwater pollution assessment is based on groundwater quality evaluation. The essential fragility of groundwater and the grade of external pollution sources are two important factors affecting the quality of groundwater. In this paper, taking Dalian downtown as the research area, the vulnerability and urgency of groundwater in urban area are studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) summarize the current situation of groundwater pollution at home and abroad. The research methods of groundwater vulnerability assessment, pollution source classification, groundwater quality assessment and the application of GIS tools in groundwater vulnerability and water quality assessment are analyzed. The urgency of groundwater pollution is discussed. (2) based on the inherent vulnerability factors affecting groundwater quality 221 data of groundwater in Dalian are evaluated. The evaluation adopts the relatively mature DRASTIC evaluation system and uses the entropy weight method to determine its weight and finally obtains the vulnerability evaluation index. By using ArcGIS software, 7 indexes were mapped and combined with space. According to the result of vulnerability assessment, it is divided into five grades, and the results are analyzed. (3) the pollution sources of agriculture and forestry, life pollution, industry and mining industry in Dalian are investigated in detail from the pollution source factors of releasing pollutants. The distribution of six types of pollution sources in sewage treatment plants, landfills and seawater intrusion was evaluated by the combination of simple evaluation method and detailed classification method. Finally, the pollution source classification map is obtained by using ArcGIS software. According to the evaluation results, it is divided into three levels: low, middle and high. The distribution of pollution sources in Dalian is analyzed. (4) the present situation of groundwater environmental quality in Dalian is evaluated. Firstly, 156 data of September 2011 were evaluated by adding note scoring method. Then it is evaluated by cluster analysis. Finally, based on ArcGIS software, 156 point data are transformed into plane data by using Kriging interpolation method, and the evaluation map of groundwater quality in Dalian is obtained and analyzed. (5) the concept of urgency of groundwater pollution is discussed. By comparing the relationship between groundwater vulnerability and pollution sources, a theoretical analysis table for inferring groundwater quality is obtained and compared with the present situation of groundwater quality in order to test its feasibility. By comparing the relationship among groundwater vulnerability map, pollution source classification map and groundwater quality chart, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the treatment of groundwater pollution in Dalian.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X824

【参考文献】