GPS定位技术及高层建筑中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-02 20:24

本文选题：GPS + 差分GPS　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：GPS定位技术的飞速发展,使得它在很多领域都因其独特的优点而得到广泛应用。在一些实际的工程测绘应用中,GPS以其高精度、智能化、全天候等特点有着十分广阔的前景。本文以GPS技术为背景,详细分析了GPS定位系统的工作原理和误差源,深入研究了差分G PS技术以及其在高层建筑中的应用,如测定高层建筑的垂线偏差中,通过实际应用利用AR M开发板对GPS芯片的数据进行采集,采用多组平均法解决了求解基站之间基线长度的问题。本文首先介绍了GPS系统的结构构成,分析了GPS系统的通信基础GPS信号的构成,即载波、伪码和数据码。接着详细地分析了GPS定位工作原理,分别对伪距测量定位和载波相位测量进行了研究;并且对影响GPS定位的误差源进行了深入的探讨,例如大气层延时误差和多路径效应误差等等。其次本文详细介绍了差分GPS的定位技术,研究了差分GPS在实际应用中构成的系统:局域差分系统和广域差分系统。并且分析了GPS精密定位的关键:载波相位测量中周整模糊度的确定。分析和研究了两种确定周整模糊度的算法:伪距求整法和LAMBDA算法。本文还讨论了在高层建筑中GPS系统的应用,研究了两种测后数据处理的方法,加权平均和线性内插法,取得了不错的效果。接着探讨了GPS定位技术在实际工程中的一项运用:利用GPS测量垂线偏差,推导了整个过程,得到了基线长度和偏差分量角误差的关系,并在最后一章的实际应用中解决了求解基线长度的问题。最后本文设计了一款基于ARM开发板的GPS数据采集系统,以及一款基于QT的软件操作界面,对GPS模块串口传输的数据进行采集、分割、转换、显示、存储,本实验设计了不同的实验对照组进行数据采集为之前的理论提供基础,通过坐标系转换解决了求解两个基站之间的基线长度的问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of GPS positioning technology, it has been widely used in many fields because of its unique advantages. In some practical engineering surveying and mapping applications, GPS has a very broad prospect because of its high precision, intelligence, all-weather and so on. In this paper, the working principle and error source of GPS positioning system are analyzed in detail, and the differential GPS technology and its application in high-rise building are studied in detail, such as measuring the vertical deviation of high-rise building. The data of GPS chip is collected by using AR M development board, and the problem of calculating the baseline length between base stations is solved by using multi-group averaging method. In this paper, the structure of GPS system is introduced, and the structure of GPS signal is analyzed, which is carrier, pseudo-code and data code. Then, the working principle of GPS positioning is analyzed in detail, and the pseudo-range measurement and carrier phase measurement are studied, and the error sources that affect GPS positioning are discussed. For example, atmospheric delay error and multipath effect error and so on. Secondly, the positioning technology of differential GPS is introduced in detail, and the local differential system and wide area differential system are studied. The key of GPS precise positioning is the determination of cycle ambiguity in carrier phase measurement. This paper analyzes and studies two algorithms to determine the integer ambiguity: pseudo-range integer method and Lambda algorithm. This paper also discusses the application of GPS system in high-rise buildings, and studies two methods of post-test data processing, weighted average and linear interpolation, and obtains good results. Then the application of GPS positioning technology in practical engineering is discussed: the whole process is deduced by using GPS to measure the vertical deviation, and the relation between the baseline length and the angle error of the deviation component is obtained. The problem of solving the baseline length is solved in the practical application of the last chapter. Finally, this paper designs a GPS data acquisition system based on arm development board, and a software operating interface based on QT to collect, partition, convert, display and store the data transmitted by serial port of GPS module. In this experiment, different experimental control groups are designed to collect data to provide the basis for the previous theory, and the problem of solving the baseline length between two base stations is solved through coordinate system transformation.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU198;P228.4

【参考文献】