基于面向对象分类的杜尔伯特湿地变化研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:20

本文选题：杜尔伯特 + 湿地　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地生态系统作为地球三大生态系统之一不仅可以优化环境,为人类提供多种多样的生物资源,同时还具有防洪减灾、降低环境污染、调节气候等诸多功能。湿地生态系统产生的巨大社会效益、经济效益和生态效益对于地球的生态平衡和人类的生存发展有着不可或缺的作用。本文以地处松嫩平原腹地的杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县为研究对象,利用面向对象分类与目视解译相结合的方法,基于研究区1989年、2002年、2016年Landsat影像,对三期数据中的湿地进行信息提取与面积时空变化分析,并挖掘湿地变化背后的社会、自然驱动因子,得出以下结论:(1)确定杜尔伯特地区的湿地类型。根据《湿地分类》国家标准同时结合各类辅助数据建立了与研究区相匹配的湿地分类系统,将研究区的湿地分为河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地、水田。(2)通过面向对象与目视解译相结合的分类方法对杜尔伯特地区进行湿地信息提取,在分类结果的基础上,采用转移矩阵等统计分析方法对研究区进行湿地面积与时空变化研究,分析出在1989年湿地面积约为2719.66km2,2002年湿地面积缩减为1710.49km2,2016年湿地面积变为2044.19km2。1989-2002年期间,变化幅度最大的湿地类型为河流湿地,变化幅度为-91.96%,其次为水田和沼泽湿地,变化幅度最小的为湖泊坑塘湿地,变化幅度为23.54%。而在2002-2016年期间变化幅度最大的湿地类型为水田206.24%;其次为河流湿地、湖泊坑塘湿地,变化幅度最小的为沼泽湿地,变化幅度为2.25%。(3)对比分析自然与社会驱动因子对湿地变化的影响,自然因素主要为气温和降水量,社会驱动因子主要为人口、经济、政策。自然驱动因子是诱发湿地大面积变化的主导因素,而人口经济的快速增长与政府政策的实施是湿地变化的诱发因素。自然和社会因素在不同的维度影响着杜尔伯特地区的湿地变化。(4)根据杜尔伯特地区湿地变化分析结果,提出了湿地保护建议:完善湿地管理法规,加快湿地保护立法步伐;建立科学管理机制,加强各管理部门间的协作机制;发挥互联网优势,多样化宣传湿地重要性,提高群众湿地保护意识;加强湿地研究人才培养,实施湿地资源修复工程。
[Abstract]:Wetland ecosystem, as one of the three major ecosystems of the earth, can not only optimize the environment and provide a variety of biological resources for human beings, but also has many functions such as flood control and disaster reduction, reducing environmental pollution, regulating climate and so on. The great social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits of wetland ecosystem play an indispensable role in the ecological balance of the earth and the survival and development of human beings. In this paper, based on the Landsat images of 1989, 2002 and 2016, the paper takes Dourbert Mongol Autonomous County, located in the hinterland of Songnen Plain, as the research object, using the method of combining object-oriented classification with visual interpretation. The wetland in the third period is extracted and the spatial and temporal variation of the area is analyzed, and the social and natural driving factors behind the wetland change are excavated. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) determine the wetland type in Duerbert area. According to the national standards of Wetland Classification and combined with various auxiliary data, a wetland classification system matching with the study area was established. The wetland in the study area was divided into river wetland, lake wetland and marsh wetland. (2) based on the classification results, the wetland information in Duerbert area is extracted by the combination of object oriented classification and visual interpretation. The wetland area and temporal and spatial changes in the study area were studied by statistical analysis method such as transfer matrix. The results showed that in 1989, the wetland area was about 2719.66 km ~ 2, the wetland area was reduced to 1710.49 km ~ 2 in 2002, and the wetland area became 2044.19km2.1989-2002 year in 2016. The type of wetland with the largest change range was river wetland with a range of -91.96, followed by paddy field and marsh wetland, and the smallest change range was lake pothole wetland with a range of 23.54. In the period of 2002-2016, the most varied wetland type was paddy field 206.24cm, followed by river wetland, lake pothole wetland, marsh wetland with the smallest change, and 2.25g wetland. (3) the influence of natural and social driving factors on wetland change was analyzed. Natural factors are mainly temperature and precipitation, and social driving factors are population, economy and policy. The natural driving factor is the leading factor that induces the large-scale change of wetland, and the rapid growth of population and economy and the implementation of government policy are the inducing factors of wetland change. Natural and social factors affect the wetland changes in Duerbert area in different dimensions. (4) according to the analysis results of wetland change in Duerbert area, the suggestions of wetland protection are put forward: perfecting wetland management laws and regulations, speeding up the pace of wetland protection legislation; The scientific management mechanism should be established to strengthen the cooperative mechanism among the various management departments; to give play to the advantages of the Internet, to diversify the importance of the wetland, to raise the awareness of wetland protection among the masses; to strengthen the cultivation of talents in wetland research; to carry out the wetland resources restoration project.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237;P941.7

【相似文献】