面向空间知识地图服务的用户研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 20:47

  本文选题：空间知识 + 地图服务　； 参考：《解放军信息工程大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：21世纪是“大数据”读图时代,计算机和网络通讯科技的迅猛发展使大众用户能够获取海量地理信息;当前又是知识经济时代,如何缓解信息过载、解决地图服务千篇一律与用户空间知识需求多样化之间的矛盾,己成为时代赋予地图学与地理信息系统等学科的新使命。由此,空间知识地图服务(Geospatial Knowledge Map Service,缩写GKMS)应运而生,空间知识地图服务具有知识化和个性化两大优势,使地图由“传统单幅地图,试图全部满足众多用户多样化需求”,提升至“多幅、多层、多模式、参数化模板的动态地图,一一对应的主动满足个体用户多样化空间知识需求”,从而进一步提高地图服务的可用性和用户满意度,具有重大研究意义和实用价值,是学科新的前沿热点。实现空间知识地图服务需要研究空间知识地图服务是什么、理论基础是什么、用户需要获得什么、怎样为用户获取以及如何可视化表达等一系列亟待解决的关键问题。为此,本文立足用户研究,以满足用户空间知识需求为主线,实现空间知识地图服务为目标,开展相关理论研究,分析以用户为中心的多维情境,探讨空间知识获取和空间知识地图可视化表达中用户研究的关键理论与方法。主要研究内容和创新点如下:1.空间知识地图服务及用户研究背景、相关理论与技术研究现状分析。基于当前研究背景探讨学科研究前沿及发展趋势,综述地图学及相关领域用户研究的基础理论、实验方法和关键技术,总结知识服务及空间知识地图服务相关理论、技术及成果,分析研究现状,提出本文研究思路,阐明研究目的及意义,概述了将要展开的研究工作。2.用户研究理论基础。研究用户获取空间知识的相关理论,论述空间知识获取经验塔,分析情境的多维性和双重性,说明智力三维结构理论,阐述行为理论相关论点,运用活动理论提出用户获取空间知识的活动系统结构模型;总结空间知识概念,归纳空间知识多级分类体系,论述空间知识地图概念并说明关键问题、展开相关辨析;讨论空间知识地图服务要点,分析服务结构、总结服务模式;创新用户空间知识转化CECI模型,进而分析空间知识地图服务研究框架,提出用户研究两大关键策略。3.以用户为中心的多维情境分析与建模。分析用户获取空间知识的多维情境因素,创新性地将多维情境分为用户当前外情境域和角色预期内情境域,针对多维情境各组成部分特别是用户角色情境展开具体分析,并探讨了人机交互和情境获取的问题;将用户需求、多维情境因素及空间知识地图服务系统相关联,提出并解析了用户空间知识需求的五个层次;构建用户空间知识获取服务流程模型和服务系统组织架构,分析了关键模块、说明了关键问题。4.用户调控获取空间知识研究。根据知识转换模式,探讨了融合地学专业知识发现方法和技术、基于主观地理情境调控获取空间知识的机制;进行用户知识库构建研究,设计系统架构,描述事实后进行情境事实的组织和管理,构建角色-行为-对象-特征关联树,研究多种调控类规则提取策略,确定知识表示方法;进而综合多种用户研究方法,开展用户知识库基础实验;针对POI推荐问题,分析推荐情境因素,设计推荐流程,改进TOPSIS算法进行用户综合效用规则的提取与应用实验。5.空间知识地图可视化的用户研究。论述空间知识地图可视化要点,以用户为中心构建情境因素影响环,探讨地图可视化关键环节;分析双重编码理论,基于PASS模型讨论用户视觉感受和空间认知问题,提出空间知识地图设计流程;基于用户视觉感受的无意识性,进行地图模板用户视觉感受眼动实验,分析用户静态情境因素,改进C4.5算法提取地图模板匹配规则并加以验证;进行凸显用户认知需求的空间知识地图符号设计,提出基于语言学的设计策略,通过符素情境语义构建和符号陈述语法构造,将符号表达与知识陈述相关联,根据符号设计机制设计符号,并进行了实验验证。6.空间知识地图服务试验系统设计与实现。说明城市空间知识地图服务的用户需求背景,设计试验系统功能框架,拟定技术方案,分析多维情境数据获取与预处理的问题,构建了试验系统数据库;探讨地图服务功能模型编制方法,阐述用户知识库建立的关键问题,编制调控类规则获取模型,实现了十余种空间知识地图服务功能;论述试验系统地图可视化的技术实现方法,最后对试验系统进行了初步评价。
[Abstract]:In the era of "big data" reading in twenty-first Century, the rapid development of computer and network communication technology enables mass users to obtain massive geographic information. At present, it is the era of knowledge economy, how to alleviate the information overload, solve the contradiction between the map service and the needs of the user space knowledge, which has become an era endowed with cartography. With the new mission of the geography information system and other disciplines, the spatial knowledge map service (Geospatial Knowledge Map Service, abbreviated GKMS) came into being. The spatial knowledge map service has the two advantages of knowledge and individuation, making the map from "the traditional single map, trying to meet the diverse needs of many users" to "many," Multi-layer, multi mode, parameterized template dynamic map, one to one corresponding initiative to meet individual users' diversity of spatial knowledge needs, thus further improving the usability and user satisfaction of map services, which has great research significance and practical value. It is a new frontier of the subject. Space knowledge map service needs research space. What is the knowledge map service, what is the basis of the theory, what the user needs to obtain, how to get the user and how to visualize the expression and so on. Therefore, this paper is based on the user research, to meet the user's spatial knowledge demand as the main line, to realize the spatial knowledge map service as the goal, to carry out the related theory research. This paper analyzes the key theory and method of user research in spatial knowledge acquisition and spatial knowledge map visualization. The main research contents and innovation points are as follows: 1. spatial knowledge map service and user research background, related theory and technology research status analysis. Based on the current research background, the research background is discussed. The research frontiers and development trends of the subject are summarized. The basic theory, the experimental method and the key technology of the user research in the cartography and related fields are summarized. The related theories, techniques and achievements of knowledge service and spatial knowledge map service are summarized, the present situation is analyzed, the research ideas are put forward, the purpose and significance of the research are put forward, and the research workers will be outlined. Based on the theoretical basis of.2. user research, this paper studies the theory of user acquisition of spatial knowledge, discusses the experience tower of spatial knowledge acquisition, analyzes the multidimensional and duality of the situation, explains the theory of the three-dimensional structure of intelligence, expounds the related arguments of behavior theory, and puts forward the structure model of the activity system for the user to obtain spatial knowledge by using activity theory; and summarizes the space. The concept of knowledge, the multi-stage classification system of spatial knowledge is summarized, the concept of spatial knowledge map is discussed and the key problems are explained. The related discrimination is discussed. The key points of spatial knowledge map service are discussed, the service structure is analyzed, the service mode is summarized, the CECI model of the transformation of the user space knowledge is innovating, and then the framework of the spatial knowledge map service is analyzed, and the users are put forward. The two key strategy,.3., is based on user centered multi-dimensional situation analysis and modeling. It analyzes the multi-dimensional situational factors for users to acquire spatial knowledge, and divides multi-dimensional situations into the user's current external situation and the role expected situation domain. In this paper, the problems of human-computer interaction and situation acquisition are discussed. The five levels of user spatial knowledge requirements are proposed and analyzed by using user needs, multidimensional situational factors and spatial knowledge map service system. A service flow model and a service system organization structure of user space knowledge acquisition are constructed, and the key modules are analyzed, and the key problem.4 is explained. User control obtains spatial knowledge research. According to the knowledge conversion model, it discusses the methods and techniques of integrating Geoscience Knowledge Discovery, the mechanism of acquiring spatial knowledge based on the subjective geographical situation, the research on the construction of user knowledge base, the design of the system architecture, the organization and management of the situation facts after the description of the facts, and the construction of the role line. For the object feature association tree, it studies the rules extraction strategy of various regulation class, determines the knowledge representation method, and then combines multiple user research methods to carry out the basic experiment of the user knowledge base. According to the POI recommendation problem, it analyzes and recommends the situation factors, designs the recommendation process, and improves the TOPSIS algorithm for the extraction and application of the user's comprehensive utility rules. A user research on the visualization of.5. spatial knowledge map. The key points of spatial knowledge map visualization are discussed. The key link of situational factors is constructed with user centered, the key link of map visualization is discussed. The dual coding theory is analyzed and the user visual perception and spatial recognition problems are discussed based on the PASS model, and the spatial knowledge map design process is proposed. The unconsciousness of the user's visual perception, the user visual perception experiment of the map template, the analysis of the static situation factors of the user, the improvement of the C4.5 algorithm to extract the map template matching rules and verification, and the design of the spatial knowledge map symbol design which highlights the user's cognitive requirements, and the design strategy based on the linguistics, through the symbol situation language. The semantic construction and symbolic statement are constructed, the symbol expression is associated with the knowledge statement, and the symbol design mechanism is designed. The design and implementation of the.6. spatial knowledge map service test system are designed and verified by experiments. The user needs of the urban spatial knowledge map service are described, the functional framework of the test system is designed, and the technical side is drawn up. This paper analyzes the problem of multidimensional situation data acquisition and preprocessing, constructs the database of the test system, discusses the method of mapping the function model of map service, expounds the key problems of establishing the user knowledge base, compiling the rule acquisition model, realizing more than ten kinds of spatial knowledge map service functions, and discussing the technology of visualization of the test system map. Finally, the preliminary evaluation of the test system is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P208
，

本文编号：2097382