GPS单频精密单点定位的电离层延迟改正研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 16:25

本文选题：GPS单频 + 精密单点定位　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：精密单点定位是一种高精度的单点定位技术，它是1997年美国喷气推进实验室(JPL)的Zulnbeger等人提出的。它利用卫星精密星历、精密钟差及单台GPS双频接收机观测得到的伪距和载波相位值进行单点解算，从而直接得到接收机在地球坐标系中的三维坐标，可以达到分米级甚至厘米级的定位精度。单频精密单点定位技术，是在双频精密单点定位的基础上发展起来的，国内外不少的学者对这一技术，进行了研究取得了许多成果。在单频PPP中，由于不能组成消电离层组合，电离层延迟误差成为主要的误差源。正因为如此，如何消除电离层误差的影响，并且利用相对廉价的单频接收机实现大范围、高精度定位是目前国内外GPS研究的热点和难点问题之一。本文比较系统地介绍了单频精密单点定位的流程及关键技术，详细论述了单频PPP中误差源的改正模型，重点探讨了适合于单频精密单点定位的电离层改正模型，并比较不同的电离层模型对定位精度的影响。本文具体的研究内容如下: (1)详细介绍了单频精密单点定位的基本原理和解算流程，重点阐述了伪距和载波相位观测方程线性化的方法和参数估计方法。 (2)详细分析了单频精密单点定位中需要考虑的误差源以及消除、减弱的方法，也给出了相应的计算公式。 (3)详细介绍电离层的形成及特性，重点论述电离层延迟的基本原理及电离层延迟量的计算方法。同时，，重点分析讨论了几种适合于单频精密单点定位的电离层误差改正模型，这些模型包括单层模型、Klobuchar模型、电离层格网改正模型和相位/伪距半和改正模型，并对它们的计算步骤进行了详细地说明。 (4)重点讨论了在C#平台上，编写了相应的单频精密单点定位程序模块，利用中国国内IGS站的观测数据，比较了几种电离层模型对单频精密单点定位精度的影响。最后，比较了最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波法对单频精密单定位的影响，得出卡尔曼滤波法优于最小二乘法。
[Abstract]:Precise single point positioning is a high precision single point positioning technology, which was proposed by Zulnbeger and others of JPL in 1997. It uses satellite precise ephemeris, precise clock difference and the pseudo-range and carrier phase values observed by a single GPS dual-frequency receiver to calculate the single point, thus directly obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver in the Earth coordinate system. The positioning accuracy of decimeter level or even centimeter level can be achieved. The technology of single frequency precise single point positioning is developed on the basis of double frequency precise single point positioning. Many scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of achievements on this technology. In single-frequency PPP, the ionospheric delay error is the main error source because the ionospheric association cannot be formed. Because of this, how to eliminate the influence of ionospheric errors, and how to use relatively cheap single-frequency receiver to achieve a wide range, high precision positioning is one of the hot and difficult problems in GPS research at home and abroad. This paper systematically introduces the flow and key technology of single frequency precise single point positioning, discusses in detail the correction model of error source in single frequency PPP, and emphatically discusses the ionospheric correction model suitable for single frequency precise single point positioning. The effects of different ionospheric models on positioning accuracy were compared. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principle and calculation flow of single frequency precise single point positioning are introduced in detail. The methods of linearization and parameter estimation of pseudo-range and carrier phase observation equations are described in detail. (2) the error sources to be considered and the methods of eliminating and weakening in single-frequency precise single-point positioning are analyzed in detail. The corresponding formulas are also given. (3) the formation and characteristics of the ionosphere are introduced in detail, and the basic principle of the ionospheric delay and the calculation method of the ionospheric delay are emphatically discussed. At the same time, several ionospheric error correction models suitable for single frequency precise single point positioning are analyzed and discussed. These models include single layer model Klobuchar model, ionospheric grid correction model and phase / pseudo-range half-sum correction model. Their calculation steps are explained in detail. (4) on the platform of C #, the corresponding single frequency precise single point positioning program module is compiled, and the observation data of IGS station in China are used. The effects of several ionospheric models on the precision of single frequency single point positioning are compared. Finally, the influence of least square method and Kalman filter method on single frequency precision single location is compared, and it is concluded that Kalman filter method is better than least square method.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4

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