时空大数据时代的地图学

发布时间：2018-07-26 15:56

【摘要】：地图学研究的主战场是"地图",但不同历史时期的地图其信息源、主题、内容、载体、形式、制作方法和应用方式是不同的,当然它的全方位价值也就不同了。从科学史上的科学范式的变化来看,随着大数据时代的到来,如今已经步入"数据密集型"科学范式时代,地图学亦如此,具有明显的大数据科学的特征。所有大数据都是由包括人类活动在内的地理世界的任何事物和任何现象运动变化产生的,都具有空间和时间特性,当然也就离不开空间参照和时间参照。因此,大数据本质上就是时空大数据。自20世纪50年代末60年代初以来的现代地图学,即信息化时代的地图学,是以时空数据为对象的,其核心是时空数据处理与表达,但并没有像今天面对天空地海一体的大规模多源(元)异构和多维动态的数据流(或流数据),地图的实时动态性、主题针对性、内容复合性、载体多样化、表现形式个性化、制作方法现代化、应用泛在化等特征,是以往任何时期都无法比拟的,这就产生了地图学理论、技术和应用体系的巨大变化。而所有这些变化都正好发生在20世纪50年代末和60年代初以来的约60年间,故以本文纪念《测绘学报》创刊60周年。
[Abstract]:The main battlefield of cartography research is "map", but its information source, subject, content, carrier, form, method of making and application are different in different historical periods, of course, its omni-directional value is also different. From the change of the scientific paradigm in the history of science, with the arrival of the big data era, we have now stepped into the era of "data intensive" scientific paradigm, cartography also has the obvious characteristics of big data science. All big data are produced by any change of things and phenomena in the geographical world, including human activities, and all of them have the characteristics of space and time, of course, they can not be separated from spatial reference and time reference. Therefore, big data is essentially space-time big data. Since the late 1950s and the early 1960s, modern cartography, that is, cartography in the information age, is based on spatio-temporal data, the core of which is the processing and expression of spatio-temporal data. However, there is no large-scale multi-source (element) heterogeneous and multi-dimensional dynamic data flow (or data flow), such as the integration of sky, earth and sea, the real-time dynamic nature of maps, the pertinence of themes, the complexity of content, the diversification of carriers, and the individuation of expression forms. The modernization of production methods and the application of ubiquitous methods are unparalleled at any time in the past, which has resulted in great changes in cartography theory, technology and application system. All these changes occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s, so this paper commemorates the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Journal of surveying and Mapping.
【作者单位】：信息工程大学地理空间信息学院;
【分类号】：P28

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