倾斜摄影测量应用于城市三维单体模型构建的研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 08:39
【摘要】：随着“数字城市”逐渐兴起,其最基础的数据载体,城市三维模型的构建技术也在不断飞速发展。经过多年来的探索,在众多技术中,摄影测量技术脱颖而出,其能大面积高效获取数据的能力使得快速城市三维建模成为可能,但传统摄影测量技术仅能获得正摄影像数据,缺乏侧面纹理,在此问题上,又逐渐发展出一项新的技术,即倾斜摄影测量技术,该技术既可以获取正摄影像,也能获取侧面纹理,为城市三维建模提供了一种新的思路。倾斜摄影测量技术就是目前发展起来的一项用于城市三维模型构建的新技术,它区别于传统的摄影测量技术,采用一个下视镜头,四个斜视镜头来获取航空影像,在获取正摄影像的同时也能获取真实的侧面纹理信息,从而能够更加高效地构建城市三维模型。本文结合运用倾斜摄影测量技术建立昆明市主城建成区430平方公里范围的城市三维模型的项目,系统对倾斜摄影测量技术进行阐述,并对其中的重要特性,关键技术进行研究分析,并作出相应归纳总结。主要内容有：(1)通过对倾斜影像进行分析研究,总结出倾斜影像的十个基本特性。并重点对倾斜影像的分辨率运用数学几何关系进行了相应的分析研究,推导得到相应的数学关系式。(2)介绍了影像预处理相应的技术,SIFT特征提取方法,并从特征匹配技术拓展到对多视影像匹配技术并进行分析研究。(3)介绍了点云及其预处理技术,分析总结模型构建的主要步骤和其中所需要的约束条件,最后对纹理自动选优、纠正和映射三项关于纹理的关键技术进行分析研究。对城市三维单体模型提取及应用进阐述,并对三维单体模型量测技术基础理论进行了相应分析研究。(4)结合具体项目将理论与实践相结合进行分析研究,将整个技术流程与技术理论相对应,并发现和分析其中存在的问题,总结出引起其主要问题的来源是遮挡的存在和地物的不稳定性等原因。
[Abstract]:With the rise of "digital city", the construction technology of urban 3D model is developing rapidly. After many years of exploration, photogrammetry technology stands out among many technologies. Its ability to obtain data in large area and high efficiency makes it possible to quickly model 3D city, but traditional photogrammetry technology can only obtain positive photogrammetric data. In the absence of side texture, a new technique, tilt photogrammetry, has been developed, which can obtain both positive and lateral texture, which provides a new idea for urban 3D modeling. Oblique photogrammetry is a new technology used in the construction of urban 3D model, which is different from the traditional photogrammetry, which uses one down-looking lens and four strabismus lenses to obtain aerial images. The real side texture information can be obtained as well as the orthographic images, so that the 3D model of the city can be constructed more efficiently. Combining with the project of using tilt photogrammetry technology to establish the city 3D model of 430 square kilometers in the main city of Kunming, this paper systematically describes the tilt photogrammetry technology and its important characteristics. The key technologies are analyzed and summarized accordingly. The main contents are as follows: (1) the ten basic characteristics of tilt image are summarized by analyzing and studying the oblique image. The mathematical geometric relation of the resolution of inclined image is analyzed and the corresponding mathematical relation is derived. (2) the method of feature extraction of sift, which is the corresponding technique of image preprocessing, is introduced. And extended from feature matching technology to multi-view image matching technology and analysis. (3) introduce point cloud and its pretreatment technology, analyze and summarize the main steps of model construction and the constraints needed in it, finally, automatically select the texture. Three key techniques of texture correction and mapping are analyzed and studied. The extraction and application of urban 3D single model are expounded, and the basic theory of 3D monomer model measurement technology is analyzed and studied accordingly. (4) combining theory with practice, The whole technical process is corresponding to the technical theory and the existing problems are found and analyzed. The main causes of the problems are the existence of occlusion and the instability of ground objects.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P23
本文编号：2188955
[Abstract]:With the rise of "digital city", the construction technology of urban 3D model is developing rapidly. After many years of exploration, photogrammetry technology stands out among many technologies. Its ability to obtain data in large area and high efficiency makes it possible to quickly model 3D city, but traditional photogrammetry technology can only obtain positive photogrammetric data. In the absence of side texture, a new technique, tilt photogrammetry, has been developed, which can obtain both positive and lateral texture, which provides a new idea for urban 3D modeling. Oblique photogrammetry is a new technology used in the construction of urban 3D model, which is different from the traditional photogrammetry, which uses one down-looking lens and four strabismus lenses to obtain aerial images. The real side texture information can be obtained as well as the orthographic images, so that the 3D model of the city can be constructed more efficiently. Combining with the project of using tilt photogrammetry technology to establish the city 3D model of 430 square kilometers in the main city of Kunming, this paper systematically describes the tilt photogrammetry technology and its important characteristics. The key technologies are analyzed and summarized accordingly. The main contents are as follows: (1) the ten basic characteristics of tilt image are summarized by analyzing and studying the oblique image. The mathematical geometric relation of the resolution of inclined image is analyzed and the corresponding mathematical relation is derived. (2) the method of feature extraction of sift, which is the corresponding technique of image preprocessing, is introduced. And extended from feature matching technology to multi-view image matching technology and analysis. (3) introduce point cloud and its pretreatment technology, analyze and summarize the main steps of model construction and the constraints needed in it, finally, automatically select the texture. Three key techniques of texture correction and mapping are analyzed and studied. The extraction and application of urban 3D single model are expounded, and the basic theory of 3D monomer model measurement technology is analyzed and studied accordingly. (4) combining theory with practice, The whole technical process is corresponding to the technical theory and the existing problems are found and analyzed. The main causes of the problems are the existence of occlusion and the instability of ground objects.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P23
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 何惠清;朱昱;袁炜;;小型多旋翼无人机在架空输电线路巡检应用探索[J];江西电力;2017年08期
，本文编号：2188955
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