基于GIS的湖北省县域耕地集约利用时空差异分析

发布时间：2018-08-27 14:25

【摘要】：耕地是土地资源的精华,耕地问题事关国家粮食安全、社会稳定和生态环境质量。耕地集约利用是建设节约型社会的重要内容,是促进经济社会全面协调和可持续发展的有效措施。湖北省作为中部省份,在国家“中部崛起”政策指导下,当前正处于经济快速发展的重要时期,一方面,建设用地大面积增加,耕地面积大幅度下降；另一方面,人口持续增长和社会经济的发展对农产品的需求不断增大,在耕地后备资源有限的情况下,走内涵挖潜、提高耕地集约化程度成为解决这一矛盾的有效途径。湖北省作为农业大省,也是我国重要的粮食主产区之一,其耕地资源的集约利用将直接影响到全省乃至全国的粮食安全,因此开展湖北省耕地集约利用研究,提高耕地集约利用水平,对于缓解人地矛盾,保障湖北和全国粮食安全,意义重大。本文以湖北省县域为研究单元,在收集分析资料的基础上,构建了基于PSR框架的湖北省耕地集约利用评价指标体系,采用集约度模型计算了耕地集约利用得分,运用Arcgis9.3软件从时间和空间两个方面,对耕地集约利用水平时空差异变化进行了测度和评价,并运用Geodata软件中的空间自相关法进一步分析了耕地集约利用聚集度情况,最后,运用SPSS17.0软件中的主成分分析法,探讨了影响耕地集约利用的驱动力因子,并提出了相应的对策建议。研究结果表明： (1)1995—2010年,湖北省县域耕地集约利用水平时空差异明显。从时间分布上看,研究期内,耕地集约利用水平总体呈上升趋势；从空间差异看,耕地集约利用水平总体呈现出东高西低的分布状态,集约利用水平高的县域主要分布在江汉平原地区,该地区地形平坦,交通便利,经济发展水平高；相比江汉平原,鄂西山地地形起伏度大,交通不便,经济发展落后,耕地集约利用水平低。 (2)1995—2010年,湖北省县域耕地集约利用聚集度空间差异显著,耕地集约利用水平高的县域主要分布在江汉平原地区,集约利用水平低的县域主要分布在鄂西山地、丘陵地区。显著H-H的县市有所增加,显著L-L的县市个数减少了1/3,但仍集中分布在鄂西地区；显著L-H和H-L的县市主要集中在鄂西和鄂东南地区。 (3)1995-2010年,湖北省县域耕地集约利用影响因素时空变化差异显著,大部分县域,压力指数总体呈减小趋势,状态指数和响应指数均呈现不同程度增加,在PSR框架下,耕地集约利用水平是压力层、状态层和响应层三方面相互协调的结果,压力指数越小,状态指数和响应指数越大,耕地集约利用水平越高。 (4)影响湖北省县域耕地集约利用水平的驱动力因子可以归纳为三个方面：社会经济发展水平、自然灾害和农业政策,并在此基础上提出了相关的对策建议,以期因地制宜的提高耕地集约利用水平。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources. The problem of cultivated land is related to national food security, social stability and ecological environment quality. Intensive use of cultivated land is an important part of building a conservation-minded society and an effective measure to promote overall economic and social coordination and sustainable development. At present, China is in an important period of rapid economic development. On the one hand, the construction land has increased in large areas, while the cultivated land has declined sharply; on the other hand, the demand for agricultural products has increased continuously with the continuous growth of population and the development of social economy. In the case of limited reserve resources of cultivated land, it is necessary to tap the potential of connotation and improve the degree of cultivated land intensiveness. Hubei Province, as a big agricultural province, is also one of the major grain producing areas in China. The intensive utilization of its cultivated land resources will directly affect the food security of the whole province and even the whole country. Therefore, the study of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Hubei Province should be carried out to improve the level of intensive utilization of cultivated land, to alleviate the contradiction between human and land and to ensure Hubei Province. And national food security is of great significance.
Based on the collection and analysis of data, the evaluation index system of cultivated land intensive use in Hubei Province is constructed. The score of cultivated land intensive use is calculated by using intensive degree model. The spatial and temporal variations of cultivated land intensive use level are analyzed by using Arcgis 9.3 software. This paper measures and evaluates the degree of intensive use of cultivated land, and uses the spatial autocorrelation method in Geodata software to further analyze the degree of aggregation of intensive use of cultivated land. Finally, using the principal component analysis method in SPSS17.0 software, this paper discusses the driving force factors affecting the intensive use of cultivated land, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
(1) From 1995 to 2010, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in Hubei Province was obviously different in time and space. In terms of time distribution, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in the study period showed an upward trend; from the perspective of spatial difference, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land showed a low distribution in the West and east, and the county with high intensive utilization level mainly distributed in Jianghanping. Compared with Jianghan Plain, the mountainous terrain in Western Hubei has great fluctuation, inconvenient transportation, backward economic development and low level of intensive utilization of cultivated land.
(2) From 1995 to 2010, the agglomeration degree of cultivated land intensive use in Hubei Province was significantly different. The counties with high level of cultivated land intensive use were mainly distributed in Jianghan Plain, the counties with low level of intensive use were mainly distributed in mountainous areas and hilly areas of Western Hubei. It is distributed in Western Hubei, and the counties and cities with significant L-H and H-L are mainly concentrated in Western Hubei and Southeast Hubei.
(3) From 1995 to 2010, the spatial and temporal variations of influencing factors of cultivated land intensive use in counties of Hubei Province were significant. In most counties, the pressure index decreased, the state index and the response index increased in varying degrees. The smaller the force index, the greater the state index and response index, the higher the intensive use level of cultivated land.
(4) The driving forces that affect the level of intensive use of cultivated land in counties of Hubei Province can be summarized into three aspects: the level of social and economic development, natural disasters and agricultural policies. On this basis, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in order to improve the level of intensive use of cultivated land according to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.211;P208

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