崇义客家梯田系统景观空间格局研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 20:02

【摘要】：崇义县所在的赣南地区,是孕育客家民系的摇篮地,客家先民辗转迁徙来到这里,凭借顽强意志,以及从祖地带来的生产工具和耕作技术,将中原的稻作文化与赣南山丘地形相融合,依山造田、耕耘收获开辟了崇义客家梯田。本文以江西省崇义县县域为遗产地范围的崇义客家梯田系统为研究区,研究景观崇义客家梯田系统空间格局。本文以崇义县土地利用数据库的数据为基础,从景观生态学的理论知识出发,在GIS和RS技术的支持下,首先生成崇义梯田景观系统的景观类型图。通过所选取的景观指数,对该系统整体景观格局进行研究。随后进行分区景观比较研究,分析核心区与非核心区的景观格局特征。结合地形因子分析对景观格局地形分布特征,可得出以下结论:(1)利用景观格局分析软件Fragstats,对崇义客家梯田系统景观格局进行分析。结果表明:从景观格局组分来看,崇义客家梯田系统以森林景观为主的优势类型突出。林地景观内部连通性强,受破坏程度低,林地形状因受人为刻意的改造而表现得较规整;梯田与普通农田景观类型面积仅次于林地景观,耕地资源也比较充足,其次为水域和居住用地。说明该区保存大量的森林,是梯田景观持续存在的重要基础,农业活动强烈。居民用地和耕地的斑块数量、斑块密度都比较大,破碎度较大,形状也比较复杂,居民点多分散分布于林地与耕地之间。这也是山区梯田景观在数据上的直观体现,突出了梯田区“森林-竹林-茶园-村庄-梯田-水流”有机分布的特色。而林地斑块数目最少,景观呈现相对破碎和连通度较大的特征。(2)景观中存在斑块数目占斑块总数91.19%的斑块处于5 hm2,说明景观中存在较多这类小规模斑块,但景观面积的91.24%处于l000hm2的层次上,说明景观呈现少数几个大斑块集聚分布,又有大量的小斑块相间分布的相对破碎的格局特征。崇义梯田系统景观中绝大多数景观都与林地的邻接比例较高,也说明林地作为景观中的优势类型对整个景观格局的重要性。(3)核心区约为非核心区的1/3,但除了梯田之外,其他景观类型面积占比都是核心区小于非核心区,核心区的耕地以梯田为主。两个区中的居住用地、耕地斑块个数较多,斑块密度高,核心区的林地斑块的连接性稍强于非核心区,两个区具有形成良好的连接性,布局相对聚集;两个区的多样性指数和均匀度均不高,景观类型不多样、分布不均匀。(4)景观格局地形分布特征:水域、普通农田、居民用地、建设用地、滩涂和园地这几类景观的绝大部分都分布在300m以下地带,它们的比重随着海拔高度的增加而降低,且集中分布在0-15°的坡度范围,同时随着坡度的增加分布逐渐减少,而梯田、林地、采矿用地和草地分布相似,大多分布较高海拔。
[Abstract]:The Gannan region, where Chongyi County is located, is the cradle of Hakka lineage. Hakka ancestors migrated here, relying on their tenacious will, as well as the tools of production and farming techniques brought from their ancestral lands. Combining the rice culture of the Central Plains with the topography of Gannan hills, the cultivation and harvest of the mountain have opened up the Chongyi Hakka terrace. This paper studies the spatial pattern of the landscape Chongyi Hakka terrace system with the county area of Chongyi County in Jiangxi Province as the heritage area. Based on the data of land use database in Chongyi county, based on the theoretical knowledge of landscape ecology and supported by GIS and RS technology, the landscape type map of terrace landscape system in Chongyi county is first generated in this paper. Through the selected landscape index, the overall landscape pattern of the system was studied. Then the landscape pattern of core area and non-core area was analyzed. Based on the terrain factor analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the landscape pattern of the Hakka terrace system in Chongyi is analyzed by using the landscape pattern analysis software Fragstats,. The results showed that the dominant type of forest landscape was dominant in the echelon system of Chongyi Hakka terrace. The interior connectivity of woodland landscape is strong, the degree of destruction is low, the shape of woodland is more regular because of artificial and deliberate transformation, terrace and common farmland landscape type area is second only to woodland landscape, cultivated land resources are also abundant. The next is the water area and residential land. It shows that the preservation of a large number of forests in this area is an important basis for the sustainable existence of terrace landscape, and the agricultural activities are strong. The number of patches, the density of patches, the degree of fragmentation and the shape of patches in residential land and cultivated land are relatively large, and the residential areas are scattered between woodland and cultivated land. This is also the visual embodiment of terrace landscape in mountainous area, which highlights the organic distribution of "forest-bamboo forest-tea garden-village-terrace-water flow" in terraced area. The number of woodland patches is the least, and the landscape is relatively fragmented and connected. (2) there are 91.19% patches in the landscape, which account for 91.19% of the total, which are in 5 hm2, indicating that there are more such small patches in the landscape. However, 91.24% of the landscape area was located at the level of l000hm2, which indicated that the landscape presented a few large patches, and a large number of small patches distributed in a relatively fragmented pattern. Most of the landscape in Chongyi terrace system is adjacent to woodland, which also shows the importance of forestland as the dominant type of landscape to the whole landscape pattern. (3) the core area is about 1 / 3 of the non-core area, but except terrace, Other landscape types are smaller than non-core areas in the core area, and terrace is the main cultivated land in the core area. In the two areas, the number of cultivated land patches is more, the patch density is high, the connectivity of the woodland patches in the core area is slightly stronger than that in the non-core area, the two areas have good connectivity and the layout is relatively concentrated. The diversity index and evenness of the two regions are not high, the landscape types are not diverse, and the distribution of landscape pattern is uneven. (4) the distribution characteristics of landscape pattern: water area, common farmland, residential land, construction land, Most of the landscape of beach and garden are distributed in the area below 300m, their specific gravity decreases with the increase of altitude, and is concentrated in the range of 0-15 掳slope, and the distribution decreases gradually with the increase of slope, while the terrace field. The distribution of woodland, mining land and grassland are similar, most of them are distributed at high altitude.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;P208

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