基于GIS的城市积涝灾害分析模型研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 20:20
【摘要】：城市化的发展使得城市暴雨过程变得十分复杂、危害程度日益加大,旧有的排水系统已经不能满足城市防洪工程的需要。暴雨造成的城市内部积水问题,严重影响了人们正常的生产生活,给国家和人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。 本研究综合运用GIS技术及PCSWMM模型,系统地分析了嘉定区富蕴路路段暴雨积涝发生机理,并通过数值运算和水文分析相结合的方法构建了研究区暴雨积涝模型,进行了不同雨情下的暴雨积涝动态模拟和空间分析。本文主要研究结论如下： (1)城市暴雨特征分析 在总结暴雨径流模型的研究现状和应用发展的前提下,参照《排水设计》及城市设计暴雨的雨强公式,根据研究区的区位、地理环境,选择Huff过程线,设定雨情为2a、5a、10a和100a四种不同重现期。 (2)GIS精细化产汇流模型建立 继承了传统水文分析确立汇水区的方法,构建了适合建模区雨洪过程的精细化产汇排模型。结合实测数据对模型参数进行率定和验证,并通过模型灵敏度分析来描述模型对率定参数的响应程度,从上述两个方面提高模型模拟的精度。 (3)基于情景的暴雨径流过程模拟 综合运用GIS技术与PCSWMM模型,以期对不同重现期下研究区积涝情况进行估计。暴雨径流模拟分析从宏观和微观两个部分进行：宏观方面,按照不同重现期下的降雨强度,阐明各汇水区地表洪峰流量及总流量、检查井峰值溢流量及总溢流量、管道满流时长和出水口流量4个方面；微观方面,选择示例管道OF2-J25-OF5,阐明3小时内地表径流、检查井深度、管道流量和管径随时间的变化过程。模拟结果表明：随着重现期的增长,管道洪峰流量及总流量增大、溢流时间提前、溢流持续时间增长,随之带来积涝灾害程度加深。 (4)城市地表积水空间分布及区划 借助水量平衡原理,结合检查井溢流水量,提出了汇水区阈值内积水深度算法,运用MATLAB编程实现各汇水区内积水高程值计算。依据城市暴雨积涝等级划分规则,从网格单元积水深度和两类指标下的淹没面积比来对淹没区域进行积涝风险区划。结果表现为以下两个方面：从空间分布特征来看,中南部区域的风险程度要高于北部地区；从时间分布特征来看,随着暴雨重现期的增大,大于25cm淹没深度的范围在增大。 利用上述方法建立了嘉定区内一个独立雨水管网系统的城市暴雨径流模型,并结合城市自然地理要素分析积涝原因和解决对策。通过案例证明该技术方法具有可行性和实用性,对城市防洪排涝具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the process of urban torrential rain has become very complicated, and the degree of damage is increasing. The old drainage system can no longer meet the needs of urban flood control projects. The problem of water accumulation in the city caused by heavy rain has seriously affected the normal production and life of people and caused huge losses to the life and property of the country and people. In this study, the mechanism of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in Fuyun Road section of Jiading District is systematically analyzed by using GIS technology and PCSWMM model, and the model of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in the study area is constructed by combining numerical calculation with hydrological analysis. The dynamic simulation and spatial analysis of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging under different rain conditions are carried out. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the summarization of the research status and application development of storm runoff model, the paper makes reference to drainage design and the rainstorm intensity formula of urban design rainstorm. According to the location and geographical environment of the study area, the Huff process line is selected, and the rain conditions are set up as four different recurrence periods of 2a, 5a, 10a and 100a. (2) the model of refined production and confluence of GIS inherits the traditional method of hydrological analysis to establish the catchment area. A refined model of runoff production and discharge is constructed for the rain flood process in the modeling area. Combined with the measured data, the model parameters are determined and verified, and the sensitivity analysis of the model is used to describe the response degree of the model to the rate parameter. The simulation accuracy of the model is improved from the above two aspects. (3) the GIS technique and the PCSWMM model are used in the simulation of rainstorm runoff process based on scenario in order to estimate the accumulation of waterlogging in the study area under different recurrence periods. The simulation analysis of rainstorm runoff is carried out from the macro and micro aspects: from the macro aspect, according to the rainfall intensity in different recurrence periods, the surface discharge and total discharge of Hong Feng in each catchment area are expounded, and the peak overflow and total overflow of wells are checked. In the microscopic aspect, OF2-J25-OF5, is selected to illustrate the variation process of surface runoff, well depth, pipeline flow and pipe diameter with time in 3 hours. The simulation results show that with the increase of the recurrence period, the discharge and total discharge of the pipeline Hong Feng increase, the overflow time advances and the overflow duration increases. With the help of the principle of water balance and the principle of water balance, a method for calculating the depth of water in the catchment area is proposed, which is based on the principle of water balance and combined with the inspection of overflow water in wells. MATLAB programming is used to calculate the elevation of water in each catchment area. According to the classification rules of urban rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging grade, the flood risk zoning of submerged area is carried out according to the depth of water accumulation in grid unit and the ratio of submergence area under two kinds of indexes. The results show the following two aspects: from the spatial distribution characteristics, the risk degree of the central and southern region is higher than that of the northern region, and from the time distribution characteristics, with the increase of the rainstorm recurrence period, the range greater than the depth of 25cm submergence is increasing. The urban rainstorm runoff model of an independent rainwater pipe network system in Jiading district is established by using the above method, and the causes of waterlogging and the countermeasures are analyzed in combination with the urban natural geographical elements. The case shows that the method is feasible and practical, and has certain guiding significance for urban flood control and drainage.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TV87
本文编号：2210506
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the process of urban torrential rain has become very complicated, and the degree of damage is increasing. The old drainage system can no longer meet the needs of urban flood control projects. The problem of water accumulation in the city caused by heavy rain has seriously affected the normal production and life of people and caused huge losses to the life and property of the country and people. In this study, the mechanism of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in Fuyun Road section of Jiading District is systematically analyzed by using GIS technology and PCSWMM model, and the model of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in the study area is constructed by combining numerical calculation with hydrological analysis. The dynamic simulation and spatial analysis of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging under different rain conditions are carried out. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the summarization of the research status and application development of storm runoff model, the paper makes reference to drainage design and the rainstorm intensity formula of urban design rainstorm. According to the location and geographical environment of the study area, the Huff process line is selected, and the rain conditions are set up as four different recurrence periods of 2a, 5a, 10a and 100a. (2) the model of refined production and confluence of GIS inherits the traditional method of hydrological analysis to establish the catchment area. A refined model of runoff production and discharge is constructed for the rain flood process in the modeling area. Combined with the measured data, the model parameters are determined and verified, and the sensitivity analysis of the model is used to describe the response degree of the model to the rate parameter. The simulation accuracy of the model is improved from the above two aspects. (3) the GIS technique and the PCSWMM model are used in the simulation of rainstorm runoff process based on scenario in order to estimate the accumulation of waterlogging in the study area under different recurrence periods. The simulation analysis of rainstorm runoff is carried out from the macro and micro aspects: from the macro aspect, according to the rainfall intensity in different recurrence periods, the surface discharge and total discharge of Hong Feng in each catchment area are expounded, and the peak overflow and total overflow of wells are checked. In the microscopic aspect, OF2-J25-OF5, is selected to illustrate the variation process of surface runoff, well depth, pipeline flow and pipe diameter with time in 3 hours. The simulation results show that with the increase of the recurrence period, the discharge and total discharge of the pipeline Hong Feng increase, the overflow time advances and the overflow duration increases. With the help of the principle of water balance and the principle of water balance, a method for calculating the depth of water in the catchment area is proposed, which is based on the principle of water balance and combined with the inspection of overflow water in wells. MATLAB programming is used to calculate the elevation of water in each catchment area. According to the classification rules of urban rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging grade, the flood risk zoning of submerged area is carried out according to the depth of water accumulation in grid unit and the ratio of submergence area under two kinds of indexes. The results show the following two aspects: from the spatial distribution characteristics, the risk degree of the central and southern region is higher than that of the northern region, and from the time distribution characteristics, with the increase of the rainstorm recurrence period, the range greater than the depth of 25cm submergence is increasing. The urban rainstorm runoff model of an independent rainwater pipe network system in Jiading district is established by using the above method, and the causes of waterlogging and the countermeasures are analyzed in combination with the urban natural geographical elements. The case shows that the method is feasible and practical, and has certain guiding significance for urban flood control and drainage.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TV87
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