普通数码相机获取测树信息研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 10:28

【摘要】：森林调查,是以林地、林木以及林区范围内生长的动、植物及其环境条件为对象的林业调查,随着高新技术的不断涌现,已经成为整个森林资源调查提供了不少方法和手段。因此,如何更好地运用现代化技术对林木和林分的胸径、树高进行快速,方便的测定,已经成为目前各项研究的重要内容。本论文研究目的是以普通2D数码相机和3D数码相机为信息采集工具,通过近景摄影测量的方法和计算机程序对图像进行处理,利用不同测量方法提取出被测树木所需要的胸径、树高信息。根据新提出的回归模型方法对小片林地样地进行摄影测量,提取照片中可视范围内树木的测量信息,为今后森林资源调查数字化方法的实现,进行实验性的研究。本文研究的意义在于,将近景摄影测量技术运用于林业当中,获取小片林地样地中的树木信息,改变传统森林资源一类调查中的信息数据采集方法,建立一种新的获取测量数据的方法。能够降低野外调查的劳动强度,提高森林资源调查的效率,使得森林资源调查的技术和手段提高到自动化、现代化和智能化的水平上来,为以后实现整个森林资源体系全面数字化做好铺垫。创新点在于,利用普通2D数码相机获取林分样地中的被测树木的树高和胸径信息,利用3D数码相机获取单株树木的测量信息。通过对实验结果的分析发现,运用2D数码相机拍摄单株树木,不同测量方法获取树木胸径和树高各有利弊,新提出的回归模型方法测量胸径和树高的平均相对误差分别为2.93%和6.16%；当利用此方法对小片林地样地进行测量时,样地中的树木胸径和树高的平均相对误差分别为7.74%和16.01%；当使用3D数码相机测量单株树木的胸径和树高时,平均相对误差分别为2.12%和6.91%,由此可见,使用此方法能够提高测量树木时的效率,在林业生产实践中具有一定的实用价值。
[Abstract]:Forest survey is a kind of forestry survey, which is aimed at animals, plants and environmental conditions of forest land, forest trees and forest regions. With the continuous emergence of high and new technology, it has become a lot of methods and means to investigate the whole forest resources. Therefore, how to make better use of modern technology to determine the DBH and height of trees and stands quickly and conveniently has become an important content of all kinds of research at present. The purpose of this paper is to use 2D digital camera and 3D digital camera as information acquisition tools, to process the image by the method of close-range photogrammetry and computer program, and to extract the DBH needed by the trees measured by different measuring methods. Tree height information. According to the new regression model method, the photogrammetry of small woodland samples was carried out, and the measurement information of trees in the visible range of the photos was extracted. The experimental study was carried out for the realization of the digitization method of forest resources investigation in the future. The significance of this study lies in the application of close-range photogrammetry in forestry to obtain tree information from small woodland samples, and to change the method of collecting information in traditional forest resources survey. A new method for obtaining measurement data was established. It can reduce the labor intensity of field investigation, improve the efficiency of forest resource investigation, and raise the technology and means of forest resource investigation to the level of automation, modernization and intelligence. In the future, the whole forest resources system will be fully digitized. The innovation point is that the general 2D digital camera is used to obtain the tree height and DBH information in the stand, and the 3D digital camera is used to obtain the measurement information of the individual tree. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that there are advantages and disadvantages in obtaining the DBH and height of trees by using 2D digital camera to photograph individual trees. The average relative errors of DBH and height were 2.93% and 6.16%, respectively, and the average relative errors of DBH and height were 7.74% and 16.01%, respectively. When using 3D digital camera to measure the diameter and height of a single tree, the average relative error is 2.12% and 6.91%, respectively. It can be seen that this method can improve the efficiency of tree measurement and has certain practical value in forestry practice.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S758.5;P234.1

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