基于GIS的吉林省敦化市地质灾害易发性区划方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 20:19

【摘要】：我国幅员辽阔，物产丰富，但近年来由于经济的高速发展，对自然资源的索取不断加重，加之人类的各种不合理工程活动，导致地质灾害频发。经济发展受到影响，人民的生命财产安全受到威胁。防灾减灾已成为一个关乎民生的重要工作。地质灾害易发性评价是一项基础性工作，在国内外均受到高度重视。做好此项基础工作，可为制定防治对策、实施防治措施以及项目管理等提供科学依据。鉴于以上情况，本论文以“吉林省敦化市地质灾害调查与区划”的实际工作为依托，利用野外调查灾害点的和收集的区域地质环境数据，应用模糊综合评判法对区域地质灾害易发程度进行定量化分析，使实际工作变得简便、实用、合理。首先，本文对敦化市的自然地理概况进行了介绍，对敦化市崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害的成因机制做了深刻分析，，讨论了地理环境、地质背景、气候植被及人类工程活动等各类控制因子与灾害本身的关系。再运用模糊综合评判法，确定影响地质灾害易发性的主要地质环境因素，建立区域地质灾害易发性评估的数学模型。模糊综合评判的评价集采用四级标准，把地质灾害易发程度划分为不易发区、低易发区、中易发区，高易发区四类。评价因子为：地貌类型、地形坡度、多年平均降水量、植被覆盖率、人类工程活动。选用模糊层次分析法来计算各评价因子的权重值。最后进行模糊综合评判，计算最大隶属度，评判计算单元所属的易发程度级别。文中以随机提取某一单元数据为例，具体说明了模糊综合评判方法的计算过程。并在敦化市全区运用该方法，计算出每个综合评判单元所属的地质灾害易发程度，从而判断了各单元所属的易发性等级。论文对两种评价方法进行了对比分析。在地质灾害区域分布上，均能反映出敦化市地质灾害易发程度，所得结果基本相同，由于采用的评估方法及指标类型不同，使得部分区域地质灾害易发程度有一定的差别，但总体来说，两种评价方法及所选取的评估指标体系都是有效和可靠的。通过与实际调查结果对比分析，模糊综合评判的定量计算的结果与实际调查结果基本吻合。也证明了此方法的可行性、正确性与优越性。
[Abstract]:Our country has a vast territory and abundant products, but in recent years, due to the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been increasing, and various unreasonable engineering activities of human beings have led to frequent geological disasters. Economic development is affected and the safety of people's lives and property is threatened. Disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is a basic work, which is attached great importance at home and abroad. Doing this basic work well can provide scientific basis for making prevention countermeasures, implementing prevention measures and project management. In view of the above situation, based on the actual work of "Geological disaster Survey and regionalization in Dunhua City, Jilin Province", this paper makes use of the regional geological environment data collected and investigated in the field. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the quantitative analysis of the vulnerability of regional geological hazards, which makes the practical work simple, practical and reasonable. First of all, this paper introduces the general situation of the natural geography of Dunhua City, makes a deep analysis of the formation mechanism of the geological disasters such as the collapse and debris flow in Dunhua City, and discusses the geographical environment and geological background. Relationship between climatic vegetation and human engineering activities and disasters themselves. Then the main geological environmental factors affecting the vulnerability of geological hazards are determined by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the mathematical model of regional geological hazard vulnerability assessment is established. The evaluation set of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation adopts four standards and divides the degree of geological hazard vulnerability into four categories: non-susceptible area, low susceptible area, middle susceptible area and high susceptible area. The evaluation factors are: landform type, topographic slope, annual average precipitation, vegetation coverage, and human engineering activities. Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation factor. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out, the maximum membership degree is calculated, and the vulnerability level of the calculation unit is evaluated. Taking the random data extraction of a unit as an example, the calculation process of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is explained in detail. By using this method in the whole district of Dunhua City, the degree of geological hazard vulnerability of each comprehensive evaluation unit is calculated, and the vulnerability grade of each unit is judged. Two evaluation methods are compared and analyzed in this paper. The regional distribution of geological hazards can reflect the vulnerability of geological hazards in Dunhua City, and the results are basically the same. Due to the different evaluation methods and index types, some regional geological hazards are vulnerable to some differences. But generally speaking, the two evaluation methods and the selected evaluation index system are effective and reliable. By comparing with the actual investigation results, the quantitative results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are in good agreement with the actual investigation results. The feasibility, correctness and superiority of this method are also proved.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P694;P208

【参考文献】