基于虚拟三维地形表面的交互矢量化方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 19:46

【摘要】：地形三维可视化常常能够为遥感地学应用中的目视解译提供更加优秀的可视环境,更便于解译人员进行地学目标的识别和判读。但目前地形三维可视化软件都存在这样一个缺陷——无法在虚拟三维可视环境中交互的进行三维矢量数据的编辑提取。基于虚拟三维地形环境下进行的目视解译结果便无法以数字化的形式提取时出来,而无法进行地学知识的共享、传播、和进一步的知识探析。而目前GIS领域其他常用于三维矢量数据采集的方法,如地面测量、GPS以及数字摄影测量,或因效率问题、或因费用、仪器设备等问题,难以满足地学领域对三维矢量获取采集的需求。在地学应用领域,三维矢量数据通常具有特定的地学意义,这需要一种新的三维矢量数据获取方法,宏观上为地学专家提供直观逼真的三维可视效果,同时能够方便灵活的进行矢量数据的交互采集和分析。基于此,本文提出一种基于虚拟三维地形表面的交互矢量化方法,能够在DEM的三维可视化环境的基础上,利用普通的二维鼠标交互地采集三维矢量数据。首先,本文对地表三维矢量化的基础理论,如概念、特点、相关技术,数据模型,矢量化流程等做了较系统的分析和总结,建立地表三维矢量化技术的较系统的理论体系,使我们对地表三维矢量化有了更深入的认识,同时对接下来的具体方法设计提供了指导。从两个不同的层次对地表三维矢量化的实现方法进行了设计。首先是三维地表交互矢量化基础环境的构建方法,包含原始数据预处理的内容与方法、地形三维可视化方法以及三维图形基本操作的方法。然后是具体的交互矢量化方法的设计,包括显示界面与交互方法的设计、数据管理形式的设计以及不同数据模型的采集流程与生成算法的设计。最后,依据本文对于三维地表矢量化方法的设计,基于IDL开发了一个简单的三维地表矢量化工具,基本实现了第三章和第四章所论述的方法,并将其应用于地质断层解译,取得了较理性的效果,本文方法的可行性和实用性。
[Abstract]:Terrain 3D visualization can often provide a more excellent visual environment for the visual interpretation of remote sensing geosciences, and it is more convenient for interpreters to recognize and interpret geoscientific targets. However, there is such a defect in the 3D terrain visualization software that it is impossible to edit and extract the 3D vector data in the virtual 3D visual environment. The results of visual interpretation based on virtual 3D terrain environment can not be extracted in the form of digitization, but can not be shared, disseminated, and further analyzed by geoscientific knowledge. At present, other methods in the field of GIS, such as ground measurement, GPS and digital photogrammetry, are often used in the field of 3D vector data acquisition, either because of efficiency problems, or because of costs, instruments and equipment, etc. It is difficult to meet the need of 3D vector acquisition in geoscience field. In the field of geoscience application, 3D vector data usually has a special geoscientific meaning, which requires a new method of 3D vector data acquisition, which provides a visual and realistic 3D visual effect for geoscientists. At the same time, it is convenient and flexible to collect and analyze vector data interactively. Based on this, this paper presents an interactive vectorization method based on virtual 3D terrain surface, which can collect 3D vector data interactively with common two-dimensional mouse on the basis of 3D visualization environment of DEM. First of all, the basic theory of surface 3D vectorization, such as concept, characteristics, correlation technology, data model, vectorization process and so on, is systematically analyzed and summarized in this paper, and a more systematic theoretical system of surface 3D vectorization technology is established. So that we have a deeper understanding of surface three-dimensional vectorization, and provide guidance for the design of the following specific methods. The realization method of surface three-dimensional vectorization is designed from two different levels. Firstly, the method of constructing the basic environment of 3D surface interaction vectorization includes the contents and methods of raw data preprocessing, the method of terrain 3D visualization and the method of basic operation of 3D graphics. Then the design of the specific interactive vectorization method, including the design of display interface and interactive method, the design of data management form, the collection flow of different data models and the design of generating algorithm. Finally, according to the design of 3D surface vectorization method in this paper, a simple 3D surface vectorization tool based on IDL is developed. The methods discussed in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 are basically realized and applied to the interpretation of geological faults. A rational effect has been obtained, and the feasibility and practicability of the method in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P237

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