基于GIS的南钢环境监测及应急响应系统构建
发布时间：2018-12-08 14:34
【摘要】：近年来,随着经济的高速发展,环境污染事件频繁发生,给生态环境和人民生活带来了严重影响,对于有效地开展环境监测,环境污染评价和突发环境污染事故应急响应的需求越来越迫切。工业企业是环境污染和突发环境事故的主要源头,建立和完善环境监测和突发性环境污染事故的应急机制是预防环境污染事故,减少其危害的保证。本研究以南钢为例,通过构建环境污染评价模型,分析南钢环境污染状况,并对突发环境污染事故进行风险评估,构建基于GIS的南钢环境监测及应急响应系统,为南钢推行清洁生产、倡导低碳经济和实现节能减排提供了技术支撑。 研究获得以下主要结论： (1)利用DEA方法对南钢的生态效率进行了分析,确定了南钢实现企业生态化的关键在提高节能减排的技术。 (2)利用AHP方法确定了南钢环境污染各评价因子的权重,其排在前三位的依次是NOX和挥发酚,并利用模糊综合法构造了南钢环境污染的评价模型,为南钢提供了环境状况预报。 (3)确定了焦炉、高炉、转炉煤气柜区域；存放苯、焦油、硫酸等危险化学品的油库区和焦化化产生产区为重大危险源,并进行了事故源项分析,确定了煤气柜和高炉柜破裂泄漏源强,CO泄漏量分别为55.7t,61.7t；煤气管道破损泄漏源强,CO的泄漏速度为14.2kg/s;焦化系统苯泄漏源强为苯的质量蒸发量,苯的蒸发速度为1.5kg/s。 (4)利用变天条件下多烟团模式,评价南钢突发环境事故的影响,计算在风速为1.5m/s和0.5m/s、F类稳定度时,下风向轴线上的不利气象条件下,CO和苯落地扩散浓度在CO和苯的各标准浓度范围内所达到的距离范围。 (5)基于ArcGIS, delphi及SQLServer等工具开发了南钢环境监测及应急响应系统,利用环境污染及风险评价模型进行计算分析,通过GIS空间图谱实时动态展示,能对污染事件进行快速响应,在最短的时间内生成应急预案,将事件的不良影响减到最小,损失降到最低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development, environmental pollution incidents occur frequently, which has brought serious impact to the ecological environment and people's lives. The need for environmental pollution assessment and emergency response to environmental pollution accidents is becoming more and more urgent. Industrial enterprises are the main source of environmental pollution and sudden environmental accidents. Establishing and perfecting the emergency mechanism of environmental monitoring and sudden environmental pollution accidents is the guarantee to prevent environmental pollution accidents and reduce their harm. This research takes Nangang as an example, through constructing the environmental pollution evaluation model, analyzes the environmental pollution situation of Nangang, and carries on the risk assessment to the sudden environmental pollution accident, constructs the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nangang based on GIS. It provides technical support for promoting clean production, advocating low carbon economy and realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) DEA method is used to analyze the ecological efficiency of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and the key to realize the ecological enterprise of Nangang is to improve the technology of energy saving and emission reduction. (2) the weight of environmental pollution assessment factors of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is determined by using AHP method, the top three of which are NOX and volatile phenol, and the evaluation model of environmental pollution in Nangang is constructed by fuzzy synthesis method. The forecast of environmental condition is provided for Nangang. (3) determine the area of coke oven, blast furnace and converter gas tank; The oil depot area and coking producing area where the dangerous chemicals such as benzene, tar and sulfuric acid are stored are the major dangerous sources. The accident source term is analyzed, and it is determined that the leakage source of gas tank and blast furnace tank is strong, and the leakage amount of CO is 55.7 t ~ 61.7 t respectively. The leakage rate of CO is 14.2 kg / s, and that of benzene in coking system is the mass evaporation of benzene and the evaporation rate of benzene is 1.5 kg / s. (4) the influence of sudden environmental accident in Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is evaluated by using the smoky cluster model under the condition of changing sky. When the wind speed is 1.5m/s and 0.5 m / s / s F stability, the unfavorable weather condition on the axis of downwind direction is calculated. The distance between CO and benzene diffusion concentration in the standard concentration range of CO and benzene. (5) based on the tools of ArcGIS, delphi and SQLServer, the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is developed. The environmental pollution and risk assessment model is used to calculate and analyze the system. Through the real-time and dynamic display of GIS spatial maps, the pollution events can be quickly responded to. The emergency plan is generated in the shortest time to minimize the adverse effects and minimize the losses.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X830
本文编号：2368519
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development, environmental pollution incidents occur frequently, which has brought serious impact to the ecological environment and people's lives. The need for environmental pollution assessment and emergency response to environmental pollution accidents is becoming more and more urgent. Industrial enterprises are the main source of environmental pollution and sudden environmental accidents. Establishing and perfecting the emergency mechanism of environmental monitoring and sudden environmental pollution accidents is the guarantee to prevent environmental pollution accidents and reduce their harm. This research takes Nangang as an example, through constructing the environmental pollution evaluation model, analyzes the environmental pollution situation of Nangang, and carries on the risk assessment to the sudden environmental pollution accident, constructs the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nangang based on GIS. It provides technical support for promoting clean production, advocating low carbon economy and realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) DEA method is used to analyze the ecological efficiency of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and the key to realize the ecological enterprise of Nangang is to improve the technology of energy saving and emission reduction. (2) the weight of environmental pollution assessment factors of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is determined by using AHP method, the top three of which are NOX and volatile phenol, and the evaluation model of environmental pollution in Nangang is constructed by fuzzy synthesis method. The forecast of environmental condition is provided for Nangang. (3) determine the area of coke oven, blast furnace and converter gas tank; The oil depot area and coking producing area where the dangerous chemicals such as benzene, tar and sulfuric acid are stored are the major dangerous sources. The accident source term is analyzed, and it is determined that the leakage source of gas tank and blast furnace tank is strong, and the leakage amount of CO is 55.7 t ~ 61.7 t respectively. The leakage rate of CO is 14.2 kg / s, and that of benzene in coking system is the mass evaporation of benzene and the evaporation rate of benzene is 1.5 kg / s. (4) the influence of sudden environmental accident in Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is evaluated by using the smoky cluster model under the condition of changing sky. When the wind speed is 1.5m/s and 0.5 m / s / s F stability, the unfavorable weather condition on the axis of downwind direction is calculated. The distance between CO and benzene diffusion concentration in the standard concentration range of CO and benzene. (5) based on the tools of ArcGIS, delphi and SQLServer, the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is developed. The environmental pollution and risk assessment model is used to calculate and analyze the system. Through the real-time and dynamic display of GIS spatial maps, the pollution events can be quickly responded to. The emergency plan is generated in the shortest time to minimize the adverse effects and minimize the losses.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;X830
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