专题地图图例的定量化研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 21:50

【摘要】：专题地图是地理信息可视化的一种载体，良好的图例风格可以使地图使用人员准确、迅速的判读地理信息。图例是传递地理信息的重要手段，对图上符号加以说明及对符号的内涵提供解释。专题地图作为各行各业工作的一项重要成果，图例在其中的功能尤其重要。由于地理实体及现象本身的复杂性、符号的特殊性，，编绘专题地图的过程中发现很多困难。传统的专题地图大都需要手工清绘、人工编制。随着计算机技术和地理信息系统的迅速发展，专题地图符号和专题地图图例的设计及编绘工作都得到了巨大的改善，但是依然存在精度低、出错率高、标准化程度低、自动化程度低、费时费力等各种问题。所以，为了实现专题地图信息的准确表达，图例的自动化实现和标准化实现迫在眉捷。本文从点、线、面符号着手，用面向对象的理论研究了专题地图图例定量化表达的方案，使制图者在图例表达上更加灵活，加强了对复杂地理信息的理解，使地图制作更加规范。主要内容如下： 1．根据专题地图的表达内容不同，分析了通用图例的组成内容：颜色、符号、注记、名称、分级信息等； 2．根据国家标准及相关行业规范，提出了图例定量化表达的方案，主要包括图例数量的定量化表达、图例符号的定量化表达、图例注记及名称的定量化表达、图例顺序的定量化表达、图例布局的定量化表达、图例分类的定量化表达等； 3．基于空间数据的动态图例主要从设计思想、功能设计、数据流程设计等几个方面进行分析，实现了基于空间数据的动态图例的定量化表达； 4．基于交互操作的静态图例主要以航空物探专业五种基础图例：剖面、航迹线、异常点、等值线、色标带为例，逐一实现图例的定量化表达； 5．以动态链接库的形式，实现图例模块的封装，便于其他系统的集成和调用。最后，总结了专题地图图例定量化表达的依然存在的问题及前景展望。
[Abstract]:Thematic map is a kind of carrier of geographic information visualization. A good legend style can make map users accurately and quickly interpret geographical information. Legend is an important means to transmit geographical information. As an important achievement of various industries, the function of legend is especially important. Because of the complexity of geographical entities and phenomena and the particularity of symbols, many difficulties are found in the process of making thematic maps. Most of the traditional thematic maps need manual drawing and manual compilation. With the rapid development of computer technology and geographic information system, the design and compilation of thematic map symbols and thematic map legend have been greatly improved, but there are still low precision, high error rate and low standardization. Low degree of automation, time-consuming and laborious and other problems. Therefore, in order to realize the accurate expression of thematic map information, the automation and standardization of legend are urgent. In this paper, starting from the point, line and surface symbols, the quantitative representation scheme of thematic map legend is studied by using the object-oriented theory, which makes cartographers more flexible in the representation of legend and strengthens the understanding of complex geographic information. Make map making more standard. The main contents are as follows: 1. According to the different expression content of the thematic map, the composition of the general legend is analyzed: color, symbol, note, name, grading information and so on; 2. According to the national standards and related industry norms, the paper puts forward the scheme of quantitative representation of legend, including the quantitative expression of legend quantity, the quantitative expression of legend symbol, the annotation of legend and the quantitative expression of name. The quantitative expression of legend sequence, the quantitative expression of legend layout, the quantitative expression of legend classification, etc. 3. The dynamic legend based on spatial data is analyzed from several aspects, such as design idea, function design, data flow design and so on, and the quantitative expression of dynamic legend based on spatial data is realized. 4. The static legend based on interactive operation mainly takes five basic legends of aeronautical geophysical exploration specialty: section, track line, abnormal point, isoline, color band as examples, and realize the quantitative representation of legend one by one; 5. In the form of dynamic link library, the encapsulation of legend module is realized, which is convenient for the integration and call of other systems. Finally, the problems and prospects of quantitative representation of thematic maps are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P285

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