基于RS和GIS的河西走廊风沙灾害风险评估

发布时间：2019-05-13 20:18

【摘要】：河西走廊位于中国西北干旱、半干旱区,受到周边沙漠和戈壁的影响,风沙灾害问题比较严重。依据灾害系统理论,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性和承灾体易损性3个方面构建区域灾害风险评估体系和评估模型,对河西走廊风沙灾害风险进行评估。结果表明:(1)高风险地区主要分布在河西走廊内部的沙漠区,如酒泉市、玉门市、金塔县、高台县、临泽县以及武威市的北部地区,约占总面积的10.8%;(2)较高风险的地区主要分布在敦煌市、阿克塞哈萨克族自治县和河西走廊的北部,约占总面积的56.5%;(3)低风险地区位于河西走廊的东南部,该区在祁连山的天然屏障下,植被盖度高,雨水丰富;(4)作为风沙灾害的主体和对象,河西走廊的社会经济因素对风沙灾害风险的贡献率较低。而作为风沙灾害的物质基础和动力条件,沙源和风速仍是河西走廊风沙灾害风险的主要诱因;(5)经济发达城市在风沙灾害中具有更高的易损性,应该对城市邻近沙源进行重点防治。
[Abstract]:Hexi Corridor is located in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. Affected by the surrounding deserts and Gobi, the problem of wind and sand disasters is more serious. According to the theory of disaster system, the regional disaster risk assessment system and evaluation model are constructed from three aspects: the risk of disaster causing factors, the vulnerability of disaster environment and the vulnerability of disaster bearing body, and the risk of wind sand disaster in Hexi Corridor is evaluated. The results show that: (1) the high risk areas are mainly distributed in the desert areas inside Hexi Corridor, such as Jiuquan City, Yumen City, Jinta County, Gaotai County, Linze County and the northern part of Wuwei City, accounting for 10.8% of the total area; (2) the higher risk areas are mainly distributed in Dunhuang City, Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County and the north of Hexi Corridor, accounting for 56.5% of the total area; (3) the low risk area is located in the southeast of Hexi Corridor. Under the natural barrier of Qilian Mountains, the vegetation coverage is high and Rain Water is rich. (4) as the main body and object of wind-sand disaster, the contribution rate of social and economic factors in Hexi Corridor to the risk of wind-sand disaster is low. As the material basis and dynamic condition of wind-sand disaster, sand source and wind speed are still the main inducements of wind-sand disaster risk in Hexi Corridor. (5) economically developed cities are more vulnerable to wind and sand disasters, so the prevention and control of sand sources near the cities should be carried out.
【作者单位】：中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CB956000) 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目;中国科学院西部之光人才培养计划项目甘肃省自然科学基金项目
【分类号】：P208;P237;P425.55

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