基于遥感与GIS的黄河三角洲生态建设与经济发展互动研究

发布时间：2019-07-01 13:51

【摘要】：人类社会经济活动的不断发展导致生态环境问题日益严重，人口超载、资源过量开采、产业结构不合理和环境污染等使经济发展与生态环境的关系比以往更加敏感，生态敏感区或生态脆弱区的生态环境状况变得更为严峻。改革开放以来，随着黄河三角洲地区大规模开发，经济发展水平高速增长，但同时也造成了当地生态环境状况的迅速恶化，地区开发中后期脆弱的生态环境极大地制约了当地经济的发展，使经济发展与生态环境相互依赖、相互作用的关系日益凸显。黄河三角洲地区作为我国典型生态敏感区和特殊生态功能区，因其特殊的自然和区位条件，一方面表现出环境脆弱的生态特点，另一方面又显示出具有良好经济发展态势的自然优势，成为影响全国生态安全的重要组成部分。黄河三角洲作为连接东北地区、华北地区、华中地区经济发展的重要枢纽区，其生态建设不仅是促进山东省社会经济可持续发展的基础，而且对维护环渤海和黄河下游的经济发展、生态安全以及完善全国沿海经济布局、提升环渤海地区整体实力和竞争力具有非常深远的现实和历史意义。本研究选取黄河三角洲主体区域东营市和滨州市为研究对象，综合运用地理信息技术和多元统计分析，以利用2001年、2005年和2010年三期Landsat遥感影像提取的反映生态环境状况的土地利用数据、植被覆盖数据、水网密度数据和土地退化数据；环境污染栅格化数据及2001-2010年东营市、滨州市两市社会经济发展资料为主要数据源，从整体和区域差异角度，利用地理学、生态经济学、遥感和GIS技术，系统地对东营市、滨州市2001-2010年生态环境状况、经济发展状况进行评价，并对研究区内生态环境与经济发展互动水平进行定量分析，揭示研究区不同时期的生态环境、经济发展动态变化规律，探讨建立研究区生态经济可持续发展的互动模式。主要结论有： 1.2001-2010年间东营市、滨州市两市总体生态环境质量呈现上升趋势，东营市生态环境质量指数从2001年的0.395上升2010年的0.477；滨州市生态环境质量指数从2001年的0.262上升到2010年的0.489。制约两市生态环境质量的主要因子为耕地面积、林地面积和污染物排放量。部分区县生态环境状况呈退化趋势，其中无棣县生态环境恶化情况最为严重，生态环境质量指数为全区最低，并呈现持续衰退的趋势；河口区的生态环境质量衰退程度最大，十年间生态环境质量指数退化了2.553。其余区县的生态环境质量发展平稳，均表现出不同程度的上升趋势，惠民县生态环境状况发展水平最好，2010年生态环境指数达到1.732，年均增长幅度高于全区平均水平。 2.2001-2010年间东营市、滨州市两市经济发展质量总体呈现增长趋势，各区县经济发展水平均有不同幅度的增长。东营市2010年经济发展质量指数达到0.653，较2001年增长了1.99；滨州市2010年经济发展质量指数达到0.603，较2001年增长1.7。各区县中经济发展水平最好的为邹平县，2001-2010年间经济发展实力增长幅度高达2.17，该县经济一直保持快速发展水平；垦利县作为胜利油田主产区，石油化工、精细化工等产业的发展具有先天优势，同时在新技术的推动下，装备制造、新能源、新材料等新兴产业不断发展，经济实力迅猛增长，从2001年的-0.49增长到2010年的1.18，经济产业结构得到优化；广饶县和滨城区经济水平发展平稳，经济发展质量指数实现了稳步增长。阳信县由于缺少突出的优势产业带动，区内生产力水平较低，其经济发展质量指数得分排名全区倒数，且经济发展水平增长幅度最小。 3.2001-2010年间东营市、滨州市的生态环境与经济发展互动水平呈现“∩”型变化趋势，以2007年为拐点，两市互动度水平经历了缓慢上升、快速上升和缓慢下降的过程。2001年东营市生态环境与经济发展互动度得分为0.418，2010年互动度得分为0.519，上升了0.101；2007年东营市互动度得分为0.664，为十年间互动度得分最高的年份。滨州市生态环境与经济发展互动度得分由2001年的0.420上升到2010年0.602，上升了1.82。2005年以前两市生态环境与经济发展互动水平的制约因素主要是经济发展水平，2005年以后区域内经济实力的不断上升，生产力水平也得到提高，改造自然环境利用自然环境的程度也随之不断加深。由于黄河三角洲地区成陆时间较晚，生态环境脆弱，不合理的、粗放的经济开发模式会严重破坏人地和谐关系，加剧环境与经济的不协调程度。东营市和滨州市两市2001年-2010年生态环境与经济发展互动水平呈现明显环境滞后型特点，各区县生态环境质量得分普遍低于该区县经济发展质量得分。通过对总体时间序列轨迹分析，，黄河三角洲地区呈现出生态环境与经济发展互动水平由轻微互动衰退型向中等互动发展型演进的趋势，但这并不意味着其生态环境建设与经济发展互动关系已经处于良性循环状态，与类似地区相比，其经济发展水平仍然较低，生态环境综合效益指数不高。
[Abstract]:The continuous development of the economic activities of the human society has led to the growing ecological environment, the overload of the population, the excessive exploitation of resources, the irrational industrial structure and the environmental pollution, and the relationship between the economic development and the ecological environment is more sensitive than that of the past, The ecological environment of the ecological sensitive area or the ecological fragile area becomes more severe. Since the reform and opening-up, with the large-scale development of the Yellow River Delta region and the high-speed growth of the economic development level, the rapid deterioration of the local ecological environment is also caused, the fragile ecological environment in the middle and later period of the development of the region greatly restricts the development of the local economy, The relationship between economic development and ecological environment is becoming more and more prominent. As a typical ecological sensitive area and special ecological functional area of our country, the Yellow River Delta area, because of its special natural and location conditions, shows the ecological characteristics of the environment, on the other hand, it shows the natural advantage with good economic development. It has become an important part of the national ecological security. As an important hub for the economic development of the Northeast, North China and Central China, the Yellow River Delta is not only the basis for promoting the sustainable development of the social and economic development of Shandong, but also the economic development in the Bohai Sea and the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The ecological security, as well as the improvement of the whole country's coastal economic layout, has a very far-reaching realistic and historical significance to improve the overall strength and competitiveness of the Bohai Rim. In this study, the research objects of Dongying and Binzhou in the main area of the Yellow River Delta were selected, and the geographic information technology and the multivariate statistical analysis were used to extract the land-use data and the number of vegetation cover of the ecological environment, which were extracted by Landsat remote sensing images in 2001,2005 and 2010. According to the data of water network density and land degradation data, the grid-based data of environmental pollution and the data of social and economic development in Dongying City and Binzhou City from 2001 to 2010 are the main data sources. From the perspective of overall and regional difference, Dongying is systematically applied to Dongying by means of geography, ecological economics, remote sensing and GIS technology. The ecological environment and economic development of the city and the city of Binzhou in 2001-2010 are evaluated, and the interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development in the study area is analyzed quantitatively, and the dynamic changes of the ecological environment and the economic development in different periods of the study area are revealed. A Study on the Interactive Model of the Sustainable Development of the Ecological Economy in the Research Area IV. Main conclusions From 2001 to 2010, the overall ecological environment quality of Dongying City and Binzhou City showed an upward trend, the ecological environment quality index of Dongying City increased from 0.395 in 2001 to 0.477 in 2010, and the environmental quality index of Binzhou rose from 0.262 in 2001 to 0 in 2010. The main factors that restrict the quality of the ecological environment in the two cities are the cultivated area, the area of the forest land and the pollutants. The ecological environment in some areas is in a degraded trend, in which the ecological environment deterioration of the Wuyi county is the most serious, the ecological environment quality index is the lowest in the whole region, and the trend of the continuous decline is presented; and the ecological environment quality recession of the river mouth area In the last ten years, the index of eco-environmental quality is degraded by 2. 553. The development of the ecological environment in the rest of the counties is stable, and the development level of the ecological environment in Huimin County is the best. In 2010, the ecological environment index reached 1.732, and the annual growth rate was higher than that of the whole area. Average level. 2.2001-2010, the economic development quality of the two cities in Binzhou City shows a trend of growth, and the economic development level of each district is different. The economic development quality index of Dongying City reached 0.653 in 2010, and 1.99 in 2001, and the economic development quality index in Binzhou City reached 0.603, compared with 2001. Growth 1.7. The level of economic development in various districts is the best of Zouping County. The growth of economic development is up to 2.17 in 2001-2010, and the economy of the county has maintained a rapid development level. As a main production area of Shengli Oilfield, Kenli County is the development tool of the industry such as petrochemical industry and fine chemical industry. With the development of new industries such as equipment manufacturing, new energy and new materials under the promotion of new technology, the economic strength has increased rapidly, from-0.49 in 2001 to 1.18 in 2010, and the economic structure of the economy is optimized; and the economic water in Guangrao and Bincheng District The smooth development of the level and the realization of the economic development quality index In Yangxin County, due to the lack of outstanding advantage industry, the productivity level in the region is lower, and the economic development quality index score is the reciprocal of the whole region, and the economic development level is increased. The long-range minimum. 3.2001-2010, the interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development of the Dongying City and Binzhou presents the "a hand"-type change trend, which is the inflection point in 2007 and the level of interaction between the two cities In 2001, the interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development of Dongying City was divided into 0.418, the interaction degree in 2010 was divided into 0.519, the rise of 0.101, and the interaction degree of Dongying City in 2007 was divided into 0.664, and the interaction degree in the last ten years In the year of the highest score, the degree of interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development of Binzhou City increased from 0.420 in 2001 to 0.602 in 2010, up from 1.82.2005, the restriction factor of the interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development of the two cities before and after 2005 was mainly the level of economic development, and the economy in the region after 2005 The rising of strength and the level of productivity are also improved and the natural environment is transformed to the extent that the natural environment is used As a result of the late development of land and land in the Yellow River Delta, the ecological environment is fragile and unreasonable, and the extensive economic development pattern will seriously destroy the harmonious relationship of the people, and intensify the environment and the development. The eco-environment and economic development interaction level of Dongying City and Binzhou City in 2001-2010 show significant environmental lag characteristics, and the quality score of ecological environment in each district is generally lower than that of the county. On the basis of the analysis of the overall time series, the interaction between the ecological environment and the economic development in the Yellow River Delta region is caused by the slight interaction recession type to the middle interactive It does not mean that the interaction between the ecological environment construction and the economic development has been in a virtuous circle, and the economic development level of the ecological environment is still lower than that of the similar region.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X22;X87;P208

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