物流配送GIS系统设计与实现

发布时间：2019-07-06 17:33

【摘要】：物流配送合理利用社会资源,有效降低能源消耗,在优化产业结构、完善产业链、提升经济运行质量等方面发挥着强大的促进作用。其中,车辆路径优化是物流配送问题的一项重要研究内容。选择合适的车辆路径,不仅能降低货物运输和配送的成本,提高企业和社会效益,同时能节省能源,保护环境,缓解交通压力。 GIS是对空间信息进行收集、存储、分析以及可视化表达的信息管理系统,主要应用于对一定区域范围内分布的现象进行分析处理,同时进行规划管理以及决策。因此,本文设计了一个基于GIS技术的物流配送系统。利用ArcGIS平台技术中的网络分析模块,计算物流中心与客户以及客户与客户之间的距离矩阵,使用蚁群算法得到能够满足用户所需货物需求、时间窗口需求、总体路径最短、运输成本最小的配送策略,最后使用ArcGIS技术为客户提供可视化的界面。此外,本文对车辆路径问题求解所用的蚁群算法的路径选择机制、信息激素更新机制进行了改进,一方面,通过随机性选择和确定性选择相结合的方式,在信息素浓度最大的路径上,按照一定的规则进行转移,对于其它的可选路径,则根据轮盘赌的方式来选择。确定性可以保证蚂蚁总是选择转移概率最大的路径,而随机性则可以避免算法过快的收敛于局部最优解；另一方面,充分利用目前已经找到的最优解,在每次循环之后,依据当前循环中最优解的蚂蚁的信息素对所有路径上的信息素浓度进行更新；除此之外,采用信息素平滑方法通过增强信息素轨迹量较低的解元素的信息素轨迹量,从而提高选择其选择概率,来扩大算法的搜索范围。最后,以重庆市烟草公司为例,设计基于GIS技术的物流配送系统得以实现。而通过该系统,烟草公司车辆的装载率提高了三分之一,送货的次数降低了三分之二,有效的避免了车辆出行不满载的情况,同时节约了将近二分之一的物流配送成本,取得了明显的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Logistics distribution makes rational use of social resources, effectively reduces energy consumption, and plays a strong role in optimizing industrial structure, perfecting industrial chain and improving the quality of economic operation. Among them, vehicle routing optimization is an important research content of logistics distribution problem. Choosing the appropriate vehicle path can not only reduce the cost of freight transportation and distribution, improve the social and social benefits, but also save energy, protect the environment and alleviate the traffic pressure. GIS is an information management system for collecting, storing, analyzing and visually expressing spatial information. It is mainly used to analyze and process the phenomena distributed in a certain area, and to carry out planning management and decision-making at the same time. Therefore, this paper designs a logistics distribution system based on GIS technology. Using the network analysis module of ArcGIS platform technology, the distance matrix between logistics center and customer, as well as between customer and customer is calculated, and the ant colony algorithm is used to obtain the distribution strategy which can meet the needs of goods, time window, the shortest overall path and the least transportation cost. Finally, ArcGIS technology is used to provide a visual interface for customers. In addition, this paper improves the path selection mechanism and information hormone updating mechanism of ant colony algorithm used to solve vehicle routing problem. On the one hand, through the combination of random selection and deterministic selection, the path with the maximum pheromone concentration is transferred according to certain rules, and for other optional paths, it is selected according to roulette. Certainty can ensure that ants always choose the path with the largest transition probability, while randomness can avoid the algorithm converging too quickly to the local optimal solution. On the other hand, make full use of the optimal solution that has been found at present, after each cycle, update the pheromone concentration on all paths according to the pheromone of the ant with the optimal solution in the current cycle. In addition, the pheromone smoothing method is used to expand the search range of the algorithm by enhancing the information element trajectory of the solution elements with low pheromone trajectory, so as to improve the selection probability of the solution elements. Finally, taking Chongqing Tobacco Company as an example, the logistics distribution system based on GIS technology is designed. Through this system, the loading rate of tobacco company vehicles is increased by 1/3, the number of delivery is reduced by 2/3, the vehicle travel is not full of load, and nearly 1/2 of the logistics distribution cost is saved, and obvious economic benefits are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P208;TP311.52

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