我国近海有毒微藻及其毒素的分布危害和风险评估

发布时间：2017-12-31 19:37

本文关键词：我国近海有毒微藻及其毒素的分布危害和风险评估　出处：《海洋环境科学》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年我国海域有害赤潮频发,赤潮优势种的变化显著,最近7 a记录了51种引发赤潮的优势赤潮生物,其中由有毒微藻引发的赤潮增加。有毒微藻在我国海域广泛分布,至少3个株产麻痹性贝毒的亚历山大藻,5种能产生腹泻性贝毒软海绵酸毒素和鳍藻毒素、以及扇贝毒素的鳍藻在我国沿海都有分布;产生虾夷扇贝毒素的三种甲藻在北黄海常年存在。我国多种贝类中已发现麻痹性贝毒、软海绵酸毒素和鳍藻毒素、扇贝毒素、虾夷扇贝毒素和环亚胺毒素等多种微藻毒素。本文较系统的归纳综述了我国有害赤潮、优势种的变化趋势和分布特点,产生的藻毒素结构;我国双壳贝类等海洋生物中存在的微藻毒素的种类结构;首次利用风险商值法研究评估了我国贝类的健康风险。结果表明,只有春季来自福建的2个样品具有食用风险;但大连海区的贝类样品、评估值全都接近安全限值,可能表明具有某种区域性风险;在春末夏初,大窑湾的贻贝风险最大,其次是扇贝,牡蛎的风险最小;不同的贝器官,富集藻毒素的能力差别大,消化腺中的藻毒素含量远高于其它器官,不同的食用方式可能会导致不同的中毒风险。总体上,我国沿海常见种双壳贝类的麻痹性贝毒和虾夷扇贝毒素食用风险低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the China Sea red tide frequent changes of red tide dominant species was 7 A, recently recorded 51 species of red tide caused by the advantage of red tide organisms, which caused by the toxic red tide microalgae increased. Toxic microalgae are widely distributed in China seas, at least 3 strains of paralytic shellfish poison Alexander algae, which can produce 5 diarrhetic shellfish poisoning okadaic acid toxin and dinophysis toxin, and the toxin Scallop in Shell dinophysis in China are distributed along the coast; produce Yesso Scallop in Shell toxin three dinoflagellate species of perennial presence in north the Yellow Sea. Paralytic shellfish poisoning have been found in China in a variety of shellfish, soft sponge and dinophysistoxin acid toxin Scallop in Shell Yesso, toxins, toxins and toxin Scallop in Shell cyclic imide and other microalgae toxin. This paper systematically review summarized China's harmful algal bloom, change trend and distribution characteristics of the dominant species, algae toxin produced in China; marine bivalves etc. The types and structure of microalgae toxin; for the first time using the risk quotient method study assessed the health risk of Chinese shellfish. The results showed that 2 samples only spring from Fujian with edible risk; but the shellfish samples of Dalian area, the evaluation values are all close to the safety limits, may indicate certain regional risks in spring; at the end of summer, the biggest risk of Dayaowan mussel, followed by Scallop in Shell, oyster shell minimum risk; different organs, different enrichment of algal toxin, the toxin content in the digestive gland is much higher than that of other organs, different eating style may lead to different poisoning risk. On the whole, China's coastal common species bivalve paralytic shellfish poison and mizuhopecten toxin eating low risk. Scallop in Shell

【作者单位】：国家海洋环境监测中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41176086;41276099;41576120) 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305010)
【分类号】：X173;X55
【正文快照】： 有害藻华(harmful algae bloom,HAB)已经成为全球范围的严重生态灾害,中国日益增加的HAB事件,不但造成了巨大的经济损失,而且引发严重的海洋生态和食用安全问题。有些浮游微藻能产生毒素。米氏裸甲藻(G.mikimotoi)产生溶血类毒素能毒害鱼类,导致养殖鱼类死亡[1]。另一个重大威

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