沉垫储油自升式平台的几个关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:02

本文关键词：沉垫储油自升式平台的几个关键技术研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：加速开发海洋石油资源是我国经济发展的迫切需求，具有重要的战略意义。海上石油资源的安全高效开采主要依赖于对海洋工程环境条件的客观认识和海洋工程装备技术的提高与发展。海洋平台作为海洋石油资源开发的主要装备，是海上生产和生活的基础。近海、浅海石油资源的勘探开采已经发展的比较成熟，，伴随采油作业水深的不断增加，新式中深水式平台的发展迫在眉睫。沉垫自升式平台具有储油功能，实现钻、产、储一体化，是一种新式的生产体系。因此有必要对沉垫自升式平台所处的海洋环境以及其本身的水动力性能、地基基础稳定性和储油、输油的保温系统等主要技术进行研究分析。本研究提出的平台设有大型储油沉垫，具有不同于一般自升式平台的典型特点，大型沉垫对平台总体性能影响分析技术是在总体性能分析研究的关键点。根据三维势流理论和模型试验相互验证、分析，得到平台沉垫下放过程平台水动力性能结论。平台具有较好的稳性和水动力性能，可以满足升降作业；沉垫在即将接触海底时不会因升沉运动而反复碰撞海底，进而造成沉垫结构的破损。在沉垫不断下降过程中，平台的升沉响应和转动响应基本上呈逐渐减小的趋势；而横荡和纵荡运动响应呈现先增加再减小的趋势，最大的平移响应和转动响应分别为横荡和横摇响应。平台在三级海况或者三级以下海况下进行沉垫的升降操作是可行的，平台的运动幅度在可接受范围内，锚链可以满足使用要求。基于有限元软件ABAQUS，在分别考虑地基土体发生整体剪切破坏以及沉垫底面与地基土体表面由于孔隙水渗流而发生分离两种情况的基础上，选取Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性土体本构模型对沉垫上拔吸附力进行了分析计算，在此基础上定性地分析了土体参数和上拔时间对极限吸附力的影响。对于砂土液化的研究更多侧重于弹塑性动力本构模型的建立和数值分析方法。本文在沉垫自升式平台模型的基础上，通过分别变化其桩腿间距、沉垫主尺度和沉垫入泥深度，计算了平台的抗倾和抗滑稳性，证明了沉垫自升式平台的坐底稳性与结构尺度参数有着密切关系。保证原油流动是深水油气田开发的关键技术之一，保温是保证深水油气田流动的有效策略，因此对储油、输油水下保温材料和保温技术进行研究至关重要。本文在对国内外水下保温材料及保温结构调研和基于FLUENT软件对油水隔离沉垫舱保温性能进行数值模拟研究的基础之上，选择泡沫玻璃砖作为沉垫储油舱的保温材料，填充在储油舱的内、外壁之间。基于理论计算对油水隔离沉垫舱加热工艺进行研究，将原油加热工艺设计为循环加热工艺。利用物理模型试验对沉垫收、发油及保温加热系统进行研究分析。对油水置换舱内隔膜的运动规律进行研究分析，并分析膜的运动情况和沉垫进出管的布置方案对收发油的影响，据此来验证平台收发油方案的合理性。同时利用模型舱来研究舱内温度场的变化情况，测试结果说明泡沫玻璃砖可以满足沉垫储油保温的要求。
[Abstract]:To accelerate the development of offshore oil resources is the urgent demand of China's economic development, has important strategic significance. And improve the development of efficient exploitation of offshore oil resources security depends on the objective understanding of the environmental conditions in ocean engineering and marine engineering equipment technology. As the main equipment of offshore platform for the exploitation of offshore petroleum resources, is the foundation of offshore production and life. Offshore, offshore oil exploration and exploitation of resources has been the development of more mature, with the increasing depth of oil production, the development of new type deepwater platform imminent. Self elevating platform has realized the function of oil storage, drilling, production, storage and integration, is a modern production system. So it is necessary to the hydrodynamic performance of the self elevating platform of the marine environment as well as its foundation, stability and storage, the main technology of oil insulation system etc. Research and analysis.
A large oil mat the platform, has the typical characteristics different from general self elevating platform, the influence of large mat on the overall performance of the platform analysis technology is the key point for research in the overall performance. According to the analysis of the three-dimensional potential flow theory and model test and verify each other, get the platform mat lowering water platform the dynamic performance of the conclusion. The platform has stability and hydrodynamic performance better, can meet the lifting operation; the mat not in contact with the seabed due to heave motion and the repeated impact caused by sea, heavy damage pad structure. In the process of mat falling, platform heave response and rotational response was basically gradually decreased; while the yaw and surge motion response increases first and then decreased, the maximum response of translation and rotation response respectively sway and roll response platform in three sea condition. It is feasible to carry out the lifting operation of the cushion under the sea condition below three levels. The motion range of the platform is within the acceptable range, and the anchor chain can meet the requirements of the use.
Based on the finite element software ABAQUS, considering the soil foundation in general shear failure and sink bottom surface and the soil surface due to pore water seepage and the occurrence of the two kinds of separation, choosing Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic constitutive model calculation of sinking force on the adsorption pad for the analysis, on the basis of qualitative analysis of the effects of soil parameters on the adsorption time and pull force on the limit. For soil liquefaction research more focused on the elasto-plastic dynamic constitutive model is established and numerical analysis method. Based on the model of jack up platform mat on the legs through the change of spacing, mat main dimensions and sink the pad into the mud depth, anti overturning and anti sliding stability of the platform were calculated and proved that self elevating platform sit on bottom stability and structure parameters have a close relationship.
To ensure the flow of crude oil is one of the key technologies in oil and gas development in deep water, heat preservation is the guarantee of effective strategies for deepwater oil and gas flow, so the oil, and insulation insulation materials of oil under water is essential. Based on the research at home and abroad thermal insulation material and structure research and FLUENT software of oil and water separation mat tank insulation performance based on the numerical simulation research based on the selection of foam glass mat as insulation material storage tanks, filled in between storage tanks in the outer wall. Theoretical calculation of oil-water separation mat cabin heating technology was studied based on the crude oil heating process design cycle of heating process. On the mat. The application of physical model test oil and heating system were analyzed. The movement rules of the oil and water displacement of cabin diaphragm is researched, and the movement analysis of membrane and into the mat The influence of the layout of the outlet pipe on the receiving and sending oil is verified. Based on this, the rationality of the platform's receiving and sending oil plan is verified. Meanwhile, the change of the temperature field in the cabin is studied by using the model cabin, and the test results show that the foam glass brick can meet the requirements of the insulation for the sinking pad oil storage.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P742

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