深海谐振式直线型压电驱动器的设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 08:45

  本文关键词：深海谐振式直线型压电驱动器的设计与实验研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 压电驱动器 有限元方法 湿模态分析 阻抗特性

【摘要】：海洋因其丰富的矿产资源和生物资源,逐渐成为海洋工程和科学考察的重要对象。然而,深海环境极端恶劣,对深海驱动器的环境适应性、可靠性等提出了很高的要求。现有的深海电机、深水液压系统大多采用压力平衡方案,增加零部件数量、体积和重量,降低可靠性。谐振式压电驱动器是利用压电材料的逆压电效应将电能转换为机械能的新型驱动器,具有结构简单、设计灵活、低速大力矩(推力)、功率密度高、定位精度高、响应速度快、断电自锁等优点。本文将谐振式压电驱动器以开放状态服役于深海;无需对压电驱动器整体进行隔压密封,而是直接装配在执行机构上,通电激励后产生直线驱动动作;对电气接口部分只需进行简单可靠的静态密封,从而省略耐压舱、动密封环节、压力平衡环节及传动机构。本文中利用平板内的扩张模态,通过不对称激励,设计出一种单一模态的直线型压电驱动器。对该种振动模式的驱动原理进行了分析,并建立了压电振子的等效电学模型。使用有限元方法,对压电振子进行结构优化设计。建立封装前、封装后、浸没在水中三种压电振子的有限元模型,通过模态分析和瞬态分析,研究了封装胶层和水对压电振子振动特性的影响规律。对压电驱动器进行整体结构设计,制作出了实验样机;搭建出了深海高压环境模拟系统;通过阻抗分析仪测试了压电驱动器分别在未封装时、封装后和浸没于水中时的阻抗特性,并对压电驱动器的机电耦合特性进行了研究;最后设计实验方案对处于空气中与水中的压电驱动器的机械特性做了测试。
[Abstract]:Because of its rich mineral resources and biological resources, the ocean has gradually become an important object of marine engineering and scientific exploration. Most of the existing deep-sea motors and deep-water hydraulic systems adopt the pressure balance scheme to increase the number, volume and weight of parts. The resonant piezoelectric actuator is a new type of actuator which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by using the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material. It has simple structure, flexible design, low speed and large torque (thrust). It has the advantages of high power density, high positioning accuracy, fast response speed and self-locking. In this paper, the resonant piezoelectric actuator is used in the deep sea in an open state. It is not necessary to seal the piezoelectric actuator as a whole, but is directly assembled on the actuator, and the linear driving action is generated after the electric excitation. For the electrical interface only simple and reliable static seal is needed to omit the pressure chamber the dynamic seal link the pressure balance link and the transmission mechanism. In this paper the expansion mode in the flat plate is used through asymmetric excitation. A single mode linear piezoelectric actuator is designed. The driving principle of the vibration mode is analyzed and the equivalent electrical model of the piezoelectric oscillator is established. The finite element method is used. The finite element model of three kinds of piezoelectric vibrators immersed in water before and after packaging was established. Modal analysis and transient analysis were carried out. The influence of encapsulation layer and water on the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator is studied. The whole structure of piezoelectric actuator is designed and the experimental prototype is made. The simulation system of deep-sea high-pressure environment is built. The impedance characteristics of piezoelectric actuators after encapsulation and immersion in water were measured by impedance analyzer, and the electromechanical coupling characteristics of piezoelectric actuators were studied. Finally, the experimental scheme is designed to test the mechanical characteristics of piezoelectric actuators in air and water.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P742
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本文编号：1377905