人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究——以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例

发布时间：2018-01-08 17:17

本文关键词：人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究——以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例　出处：《地理学报》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：利用多时期遥感数据,以10年为时间步长,提取1985-2015年4个时期中国象山港和美国坦帕湾的岸线空间位置、长度和曲折度以及港湾地区景观构型、多样性和破碎度等信息,构建海岸人工化和港湾景观人工干扰指标,探讨人类活动对港湾岸线、景观演变的影响。结果表明:1近30年来,象山港和坦帕湾自然岸线长度不断缩减,人工岸线长度呈先增后稳定的态势。由于两地人类活动方式的差异,象山港局部岸段形态发生剧烈变化,岸线曲折度不断变小;而坦帕湾岸线形态变化较小,岸线曲折度几乎保持不变。2 1985-1995年,象山港海岸人工化不断加强,1995年以后有所减弱,但人类活动的影响范围逐渐变大,几乎遍及整个港湾海岸。1985-2015年,坦帕湾海岸人工化强度虽有加强,但增幅缓慢,海岸人类活动也主要集中于各沿海城市区域。3 1985-2005年,象山港和坦帕湾各人工化强度等级样区景观平均斑块面积总体呈减少趋势,但2005-2015年,象山港各强度样区景观平均斑块面积变化趋势不一,坦帕湾各强度样区变幅则较为平稳。4 1985-2005年,象山港各强度样区景观多样性指数逐渐增大,而坦帕湾变化不一;2005-2015年,两港湾人工化强度由弱至强,景观多样性指数先增后减。5 1985-2005年,象山港和坦帕湾不同人工化强度样区,景观破碎度指数逐渐增大;2005-2015年,两港湾景观破碎度指数呈减小趋势。
[Abstract]:By using multi-period remote sensing data and taking 10 years as time step, the shoreline positions of Xiangshan Port in China and Tampa Bay in the United States for four periods from 1985 to 2015 were extracted. Length and zigzag as well as the information of landscape configuration diversity and fragmentation in the harbour area were used to construct artificial coastal and artificial disturbance indexes of harbour landscape and to explore the impact of human activities on the harbour shoreline. The results show that the natural shoreline length of Xiangshan Port and Tampa Bay has been decreasing continuously in the past 30 years, and the artificial shoreline length is increasing first and then stable, due to the difference of human activities between the two places. The shape of the local shore section of Xiangshan Port has changed dramatically, and the winding degree of the shore line has become smaller and smaller. However, the shape of Tampa Bay shoreline changed little, and its zigzag degree almost remained unchanged from 1985 to 1995. The artificial coast of Xiangshan Port was continuously strengthened and weakened after 1995. However, the impact of human activities gradually increased, almost throughout the harbour coast. 1985-2015, Tampa Bay coast artificial intensity has been strengthened, but the increase is slow. Coastal human activities were also mainly concentrated in coastal urban areas from 1985 to 2005. The average patch area of Xiangshan Port and Tampa Bay was decreased in general. But from 2005 to 2015, the change trend of landscape average patch area in Xiangshan Port was different, while the change of intensity sample area in Tampa Bay was relatively stable from 1985 to 2005. The landscape diversity index of each intensity sample area of Xiangshan Port increased gradually, but the Tampa Bay varied. From 2005 to 2015, the artificial intensity of the two estuaries increased from weak to strong, the landscape diversity index increased first and then decreased from 1985 to 2005. The different artificial intensity samples of Xiangshan Port and Tampa Bay were observed. The landscape fragmentation index increased gradually; From 2005 to 2015, the landscape fragmentation index of the two estuaries showed a decreasing trend.
【作者单位】：宁波大学城市科学系;浙江省海洋文化与经济研究中心;象山县海洋与渔业局海洋资源管理中心;宁波大学学报编辑部;南佛罗里达大学地理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41171073,41471004) 浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y5110321) 宁波大学研究生科研创新基金(G16082,G15059)~~
【分类号】：P901;P737
【正文快照】： 5.南佛罗里达大学地理系,美国佛罗里达州坦帕33620)1引言随着社会经济的发展及陆地资源的不断被耗竭,海岸带及海洋资源的开发利用已成为沿海国家和地区的战略选择[1]。港湾作为海岸带开发的前沿与热点区域,地表过程和生态环境演化面临着人类经济社会活动带来的空前压力,加之3S

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