海河尾闾沉积物特征分析兼与黄河尾闾沉积物比较

发布时间：2018-01-09 06:34

本文关键词：海河尾闾沉积物特征分析兼与黄河尾闾沉积物比较　出处：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海河和黄河作为中国渤海沉积物的主要物质来源,输送大量的陆源碎屑物质,其特征携带着源岩成因、流域环境、气候条件、沉积环境等众多信息,研究意义重大,可对环境变化、海岸带海陆相互作用等提供定性和定量的依据。目前,海河沉积物特征研究较少,尤其是沉积物的碎屑矿物研究更是匮乏,未针对海河与黄河沉积物特征进行系统对比分析。本文通过野外采样获取了海河系(海河、子牙河、永定新河、潮白河、蓟运河、独流减河)与黄河系(现行黄河、黄河故道、废黄河)表层沉积物,其中海河系样品14个,黄河系沉积物样品8个。基于上述所取得的22个表层沉积物样品,分别运用筛分-沉降法、重液分离法、X射线衍射方法、重量分析法、ICP-OES和ICP-MS等方法,较全面的对比分析沉积物粒度特征、碎屑矿物特征、黏土矿物特征、碳酸盐含量及元素地球化学特征,初步探讨了研究区的物质来源与沉积环境,找出区分海河与黄河的物源指标。结果显示:(1)海河系沉积物粒度较黄河系更细,海河系沉积物以细粉砂为主,黄河系沉积物以粗粉砂为主。通过沉积物碎屑矿物特征对比分析发现,海河系沉积物碎屑矿物成因类型较集中,重矿物平均含量为1.04%低于黄河的3.70%,并以普通角闪石+褐铁矿+绿帘石+阳起石为主要特征矿物,其中褐铁矿含量10.67%,高于黄河系;闪石族矿物含量52.82%,高于黄河系35.70%;云母族矿物含量7.17%,低于黄河系17.62%,据碎屑矿物含量及分布特征可定性区分海河与黄河沉积物。(2)对比分析海河系与黄河系沉积物黏土矿物特征,海河系沉积物中伊利石平均含量59%,低于黄河系62%;绿泥石与高岭石高于黄河系;导致渤海湾西部黏土矿物主要为海河型,黄河对渤海湾西部沉积物黏土矿物影响较小,沉积物的黏土矿物特征可较好的定性区分海河与黄河物源。(3)通过海河系与黄河系碳酸盐含量特征对比分析,海河系沉积物碳酸盐粒级百分含量为15.05%,略高于黄河系11.36%,对全样碳酸盐贡献最大的粒级,海河系为细粉砂,黄河系为粗粉砂。(4)通过海河与黄河沉积物元素地球化学对比分析,海河沉积物微量元素含量普遍高于黄河,其中Zn、Cu、Cd、Cs、Tl元素含量与黄河系差异显著,相对标准偏差较大,黄河沉积物受黄土的地化特征影响,Ca、Sr、Zr、Hf、Na元素含量略高于海河。
[Abstract]:Haihe River and Yellow River are the main source of sediments in Bohai Sea of China. They transport a large amount of continental clastic material. Their characteristics carry a lot of information such as origin of source rocks, basin environment, climate conditions, sedimentary environment and so on. The study is of great significance, which can provide qualitative and quantitative basis for environmental change and sea-land interaction in coastal zone. At present, there are few studies on sediment characteristics of Haihe River, especially on clastic minerals of sediments. In this paper, the Haihe system (Haihe, Ziya River, Yongding Xinhe, Chaobai River, Jicanal) was obtained by field sampling. There are 14 samples of Haihe River system and surface sediments of the Yellow River system (current Yellow River, Yellow River Road, waste Yellow River). Based on 22 surface sediment samples obtained above, sieve sedimentation method, heavy liquid separation method, X-ray diffraction method and gravimetric analysis method were used. By ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods, the grain size characteristics, clastic mineral characteristics, clay mineral characteristics, carbonate content and elemental geochemical characteristics of sediments are compared and analyzed. The material source and sedimentary environment of the study area are discussed preliminarily, and the provenance indexes to distinguish Haihe River from the Yellow River are found. The results show that the grain size of the Haihe system is smaller than that of the Yellow River system, and the fine silt is the main sediment of the Haihe River system. The main sediments of the Yellow River system are coarse silt. Through the comparative analysis of the clastic mineral characteristics of the sediments, it is found that the genetic types of the detrital minerals in the sediments of the Haihe series are relatively concentrated. The average content of heavy minerals is 1.04% lower than that of the Yellow River (3.70g), and the common hornblende limonite is the main characteristic mineral, among which the limonite content is 10.67%. Higher than the Yellow River system; The mineral content of amphibole group is 52.82, which is higher than that of Yellow River series 35.70; The mineral content of the mica family is 7.17, which is lower than that of the Yellow River series 17.62%. According to the content and distribution of clastic minerals, the clay mineral characteristics of Haihe and Huanghe sediments can be qualitatively distinguished. The average content of Illite in Haihe sediments is 59%. Lower than the Yellow River system 62b; Chlorite and kaolinite are higher than Yellow River series. As a result, the clay minerals in the western Bohai Bay are mainly Haihe River type, and the Yellow River has little effect on the clay minerals in the sediments of the western Bohai Bay. Clay mineral characteristics of sediments can be better qualitative differentiation between the Haihe River and the Yellow River source.) through the Haihe system and the Yellow River series carbonate content characteristics comparative analysis. The carbonate grain-grade content of Haihe sediments is 15.05, which is slightly higher than that of the Yellow River series 11.36, and the most important contribution to the whole carbonate is fine silt. The content of trace elements in the sediments of Haihe River is generally higher than that of the Yellow River, among which the content of Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) Cs is higher than that of the Yellow River. The content of TL element is significantly different from that of the Yellow River series, and the relative standard deviation is large. The content of CaSr SrZrZrHfN Na in the Yellow River sediment is slightly higher than that in the Haihe River, which is influenced by the geochemical characteristics of loess.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P736.21

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