入海排污口选址适宜性评价与案例研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 11:20

本文关键词：入海排污口选址适宜性评价与案例研究　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国沿海地区人口不断聚集,经济高速发展。排污口数量逐渐增加、位置设置不合理以及污水的排放失控越来越超过我国海域的纳污能力,造成我国大部分近岸海域环境急剧下降。因此,对入海排污口进行优化布局是达到海洋环境整治,逐步实现海洋功能区目标的关键性措施,具有非常深刻的理论与现实意义。本文通过系统研究我国各典型海域的水文动力、海洋生态和资源分布特征等,剖析和归纳不同海洋环境功能区约定的环境约束因子,并根据海洋环境功能区划和国家海洋环境保护法的相关规定,提出了排污口选址与排放方案比选原则,从海水纳污能力、环境风险、工程经济等多种角度实现选址最优化。其次,在广泛咨询与调研的基础上,辨析入海排污口选址与排放方案比选的影响要素,以此为指导,构建了排污口选址适宜性评价指标体系,分别从水域和陆域两方面对纳污能力和入海排污口工程建设的适宜性进行分析。形成涵盖1个目标因素、2个一级准则因素、8个二级准则因素、11个具体指标的综合评价指标体系。并且根据影响污水处理厂选址要素的分析构建了污水处理厂评价指标体系。选取层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,灰色关联度模型进行方案优劣比选实现多因子的比选决策。最后编制入海排污口选址与排放方案比选技术指南,形成一套指导入海排污口设置的比选原则、思路、程序和技术方法,为管理部门科学设置排污口提供技术与决策支持。另外,本文以福建省石狮市东部海域为案例分析,探究入海排污口选址方法与技术。首先根据当地海洋功能区划和相关法律法规进行初步筛选,在对预选排污口方案的指标因子值进行计算的基础上,采用构建的多目标决策模型对剩余预选方案进行优劣排序,择选出石狮市海域的最适宜排污口位置。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the population in the coastal areas of our country is gathering continuously, the economy is developing at a high speed, the number of sewage outlets is increasing gradually, the location setting is unreasonable, and the sewage discharge out of control is more and more than the pollution absorption capacity of the sea area of our country. As a result, the environment of most of the coastal waters in our country has declined sharply. Therefore, optimizing the layout of the discharge outlet is the key measure to achieve the marine environmental regulation and gradually realize the goal of the marine functional zone. It is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper systematically studies hydrodynamics, marine ecology and resource distribution characteristics of typical sea areas in China. This paper analyzes and summarizes the environmental constraint factors agreed in different marine environment functional zones, and puts forward the principle of selecting the location of sewage outlet and the selection of discharge schemes according to the relevant regulations of marine environmental functional zoning and national marine environment protection law. The optimization of site selection is realized from the aspects of seawater pollution capacity, environmental risk, engineering economy and so on. Secondly, on the basis of extensive consultation and investigation, the factors affecting the selection of site selection and discharge scheme of sewage outlet into the sea are analyzed. Under the guidance of this, the evaluation index system of site suitability of sewage outlet was constructed, and the capacity of receiving pollution and the suitability of construction of sewage outlet project were analyzed from two aspects of water area and land area, respectively, and a target factor was formed. Two first-level criterion factors and eight second-level criterion factors. According to the analysis of the factors affecting the site selection of the sewage treatment plant, the evaluation index system of the sewage treatment plant was constructed, and the weight of the index was determined by selecting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Grey relational degree model is used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the schemes to realize the multi-factor selection decision. Finally, a set of comparative selection principles to guide the setting of the sewage outlet into the sea is formed by compiling the technical guide for the selection of the location of the sewage outlet and the selection of the discharge scheme. Train of thought, procedure and technical method, provide technical and decision support for management department to set up sewage outlet scientifically. In addition, this paper takes the eastern sea area of Shishi city in Fujian Province as a case study. First, according to the local marine functional zoning and related laws and regulations to carry out preliminary screening, on the basis of pre-selected sewage outlet project index factor value calculation. The multiobjective decision model was used to rank the residual pre-selection scheme and the optimal location of the sewage outlet in Shishi City was selected.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X703

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