海洋石油降解菌的筛选与降解性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 03:17

  本文关键词： 石油降解菌 生物修复 筛选 固定化　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着石油的开采、运输和储存,石油污染已经成为严重的环境问题,特别是对海洋环境危害巨大。目前为止,已经发生多起泄漏量巨大的溢油事故,给海洋环境造成严重危害。常用的治理石油污染的方法为物理方法、化学方法和生物方法。其中,生物修复由于具有费用低、效果好、无二次污染的特点而拥有广阔的应用前景。本文的研究目的是从大连港表层海水中筛选出石油降解菌,并研究其降解特性。主要的研究结果如下：(1)从大连港表层海水中分离筛选得到了有石油降解效果的菌株14株,选择其中两株优势菌(HD-1、HD-2)做进一步的研究；(2)通过16SrDNA方法得出HD-1为厦门栖东海菌,HD-2属于假单胞交替菌属；(3)在22℃、120r/min的条件下,Donghicola sp.HD-1和Pseudoalteromonas sp.HD-2菌株对0#柴油7日降解率分别达到79.6%和41.2%。(4)在22℃、120r/min的条件下培养7天,经气相色谱分析可知,Donghicola sp.HD-1和Pseudoalteromonas sp.HD-2对正构烷烃组分的降解率分别为84.4%和39.6%。其中,Donghicola sp.HD-1对C11降解率最高,为90.9%；对C25降解率最低,为73.3%。Pseudoalteromonas sp.HD-2对C11降解率最高,为73.8%,对C2s的降解率最低,为27.7%。(5)用吸附固定化方法进行固定化实验。采用麦饭石和孔质砂固定混合菌液后,对培养液中柴油的去除率都明显高于未固定化的菌液的去除率,其中麦饭石固定化菌的去除率最高达98%。
[Abstract]:With the exploitation, transportation and storage of oil, oil pollution has become a serious environmental problem, especially to the marine environment. So far, there have been many oil spill accidents. The commonly used methods to control oil pollution are physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. Among them, bioremediation is effective because of its low cost. The purpose of this paper is to screen petroleum degrading bacteria from the surface water of Dalian Port. The main results are as follows: 1) 14 strains with petroleum degradation were isolated from the surface water of Dalian Port, and two of them were selected as dominant bacteria (HD-1). HD-2) to do further research; (2) by 16s rDNA method, HD-1 was identified as the pseudomonas alternans of Hedonghai, Xiamen. (3) at 22 鈩，

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