典型凝油剂和消油剂的生物毒性评价

发布时间：2018-01-19 10:19

  本文关键词： 凝油剂 消油剂 生物毒性 发光细菌 海水青溕　出处：《青岛科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业不断发展,石油在工业发展中起着不可替代的作用,然而溢油污染问题也越来越严峻。溢油可以使海洋的生态环境和海洋生物遭到一定程度的破坏,并且会进一步对陆地的生物安全也造成一定损害。近些年,海洋溢油处理手段主要有三类：物理方法、化学方法和生物方法。物理方法处理溢油工程量比较大,而且大多数情况下处理溢油不够彻底。通过海洋微生物降解石油烃是一种处理溢油污染的有效途径,但是在很多情况下溢油污染应急处置工作中需要处理周期短、且能重新回收溢油的途径[3]。因此,凝油剂和消油剂作为一种方便的除油剂被广泛使用,但是它们在推荐使用量范围内是否会对海洋环境造成污染,尤其是对海洋微生物群落、鱼类、贝类以及藻类生存的影响等方面还少有报道。因此,出于溢油应急处置的环境安全性考虑,评价凝油剂和消油剂的生物毒性就显得尤为重要[4]。本论文为评价海洋溢油应急处置过程中所使用的凝油剂和消油剂的环境安全性,以发光细菌(Acinetobacter sp.Tox2和Acinetobacter sp.RecA)和海水青溕y (marine medaka)幼鱼为测试生物,对国内外10种凝油剂和6种消油剂的急性毒性和遗传毒性进行了综合评估。结果显示,在凝油剂生物毒性评价中,采用发光细菌法检测到FOA、GMN-01等两种凝油剂具有一定水平的急性毒性,其毒性当量相当于0.067mg/L、0.084 mg/L的HgCl2,NORSOREX凝油剂具有一定水平的遗传毒性其毒性当量相当于0.307 mg/L的MMC；然而,在鱼类暴露实验中并没有检测到上述样品明显的急性毒性或遗传毒性。研究表明,本文所选取的10种凝油剂在96 h内均对高等生物(鱼类)没有明显的急性毒性或遗传毒性,而发光细菌法在凝油剂生物毒性检测中的灵敏度更高。在消油剂生物毒性评价中,采用发光细菌法检测到RS-I(常规型)消油剂,在样品浓度较高(1.0g/L～5.0 g/L)时,其HgCl2当量浓度分别为0.05 mg/L和0.16mg/L,具有较高的急性毒性；HLD-501消油剂样品,在高浓度(0.5 g/L～1.0g/L)时表现出较低的遗传毒性,其MMC毒性当量分别为0.39 mg/L和0.32 mg/L。在鱼类暴露实验中检测到RS-Ⅰ(常规型)有较强急性毒性(致死率),在24h内即可对海水青溕仔鱼造成100%的死亡。而HLD-501有明显的遗传毒性(DNA损伤率)。其损伤水平却达到3级,属于非常严重的损伤等级,表明该消油剂的遗传毒性可能具有不可恢复性,潜在的危害较大。该研究可为凝油剂和消油剂用于处理实际溢油污染的环境安全性指标提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industry, oil plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial development. However, the oil spill pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Oil spill can damage the marine ecological environment and marine life to a certain extent. In recent years, there are three kinds of marine oil spill treatment methods: physical method, chemical method and biological method. In most cases, the treatment of oil spills is not thorough enough. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine microorganisms is an effective way to deal with oil spill pollution. However, in many cases, the emergency disposal of oil spill pollution needs to be dealt with in a short period of time, and the way to recover oil spill can be reclaimed. [3. As a result, oil coagulants and oil suppressants are widely used as a convenient degreasing agent, but whether they can cause pollution to the marine environment within the recommended use range, especially for marine microbial communities, fish. There are few reports on the effects of shellfish and algae on their survival. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the biological toxicity of oil spill agents and oil suppressants for the sake of environmental safety of oil spill emergency disposal. [The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental safety of the oil coagulants and oil suppressants used in the process of marine oil spill emergency disposal. The luminescent bacteria Acinetobacter sp.Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. Marine medaka) juvenile fish for testing organisms. The acute toxicity and genetic toxicity of 10 kinds of oil coagulants and 6 kinds of oil suppressants at home and abroad were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that FOA was detected by luminescent bacteria method in the biotoxicity evaluation of oil coagulants. GMN-01 and other oil coagulants have a certain level of acute toxicity, whose toxicity equivalent is 0.067 mg / L 0.084 mg/L HgCl2. The NORSOREX coagulant has a certain level of genotoxicity and its toxicity equivalent is equal to 0.307 mg/L. However, no significant acute or genetic toxicity was detected in the fish exposure test. There was no obvious acute toxicity or genetic toxicity to higher organisms (fish) within 96 h. In the evaluation of biotoxicity of oil suppressants, RS-I- (conventional) oil suppressants were detected by luminescent bacteria method. The HgCl2 equivalent concentration was 0. 05 mg/L and 0. 16 mg / L at high concentration of 1.0 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), respectively, which showed higher acute toxicity. The sample of HLD-501 oil suppressant showed low genotoxicity at high concentration of 0.5 g / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The MMC toxicity equivalent was 0.39 mg/L and 0.32 mg / L, respectively. RS- 鈪，

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