基于遥感的日照海岸线变迁分析

发布时间：2018-01-20 18:17

本文关键词： 海岸线变迁日照市　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸带是海陆相互作用地带,也是人类生存与社会发展作用强烈的地带,其带来的生态效益和经济效益在沿海城市建设中是不可忽视的。山东半岛蓝色经济区批复后,山东更加重视沿海经济区的建设,经济、文化、社会、生态协调发展成为沿海城市的一大主题。日照市是鲁南地区的直接出海口,北接青岛,南临江苏,是山东沿海城市的后起之秀。日照海岸线上分布着黄金沙滩和养殖池,带来良好的旅游效益和经济效益,短短的海岸线上分布着两大港口,在沿海航运和对外贸易中也发挥着重要作用,随着日照经济的日新月异的发展,人为活动无时无刻不在改造着海岸线。本文以1985、1992、2000、2005、2014年五期Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合运用遥感技术和GIS技术对日照市海岸线变迁做了深入研究。首先,本文建立日照海岸线基岩海岸、淤泥质海岸、砂质海岸、人工海岸四类不同的解译原则,赋予遥感影像假彩色合成,建立遥感解译标志和提取原则,运用目视解译的方式提取了海岸线,并对五期岸线长度、位置、类型分别进行统计。然后运用GIS技术,对海岸线变迁带来的陆域变化面积进行了提取统计,运用DSAS模块功能提取海岸线端点变化率信息并进行统计。研究得出以下结果:(1)日照市海岸线中砂质海岸和人工海岸所占比例最高,两者长度总和占日照海岸线总长度的80%以上。基岩海岸主要分布在任家台咀至奎山咀一段,所占比例不高,淤泥质海岸分布极少。29年来,随着人工海岸的建设,日照市海岸线总体上向海扩张,总长度共增加60.2 km,陆域面积共增加3601.6 hm2,减少438.2 hm2,净增长3163.4 hm2。同时其他各类海岸长度均减少。日照港和岚山港是人类活动影响最为强烈的地段,也是岸线变化最为明显的区域。(2)本文将日照市海岸线分为三段进行研究,通过图像和数据逐一分析。白马河口至万平口段为基岩和砂质海岸,受人类活动影响较小,1985-1992年白马河口养殖池扩建,海岸线向海扩张、1985-2000年间砂质海岸部分存在海岸蚀退现象,总体上该段比较稳定。万平口至傅疃河口段主要为砂质和人工海岸,日照港依奎山咀而建,以填海造路工程方式建设港口,在2005-2014年9年内扩张833.8 hm2,目前这段海岸线几乎全部变为人工海岸。付疃河口至绣针河口岸段发生变化剧烈的有两段,傅疃河口至鱼骨庙一段由于傅疃河向海输出的泥沙持续淤积,为扩张岸线。韩家营子到绣针河口段为岚山港建设开发区,2005年以后发生剧烈的变化,增加714.9 hm2。(3)自然因素和人为因素是日照市海岸变迁的驱动力的两个方面,自然因素包括入海河流输沙变化、海平面上升、风暴潮、海底地貌,人为因素包括建设港口码头、海滩采砂、修建养殖池。其中港口建设是影响日照海岸线变迁最为显著的因素。人类活动对日照海岸线的改造是造成海岸线变迁的主要因素。(4)最后,从砂质岸线、海岸湿地、养殖区和港口区四个方面对日照市不同海岸线类型的保护和开发提出建议。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is the land sea interaction zone, but also the role of human survival and Social Development Zone strong, it brings the ecological benefits and economic benefits can not be ignored in the construction of the coastal city. Approved Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone, Shandong pay more attention to the construction of coastal economic zone, economic, cultural, social, ecological development as a major theme of the coastal city of Rizhao City. It is directly south of Shandong sea, north of Qingdao, south of Jiangsu, is a coastal city of Shandong, the sunshine coast. The bright younger generation with the distribution of gold beach and pond, bring good tourism and economic benefits, just off the coast of the distribution of the two major ports, also play an important role in in the coastal shipping and foreign trade, with the development of the Rizhao Economic change rapidly, human activities in the transformation of the coast not every hour and moment. This paper takes 1985199220002005 In 2014, five Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI images as the data source, change the integrated use of remote sensing and GIS technology on the coast of Rizhao City to do an in-depth study. Firstly, this paper established the Sunshine Coast rocky coast, muddy coast, sandy coast, artificial coast four different interpretation principle, given the remote sensing image false color synthesis the establishment of remote sensing interpretation signs and extraction principle, using visual interpretation way to extract the coastline, and on the five position, length of shoreline types were analyzed statistically. Then used GIS technology to land changes to the coastline change area was extracted using DSAS statistics, the module function of coastline endpoint change rate the information and statistics. The research results are as follows: (1) the Rizhao City coastline in the sandy coast and artificial coast accounted for the highest proportion of the total length of the total length of the two, the sunshine sea shoreline to 80% The main distribution in Bedrock Coast. Taiwan Ju Kui Shan Ju to a section, the proportion is not high, the muddy coast.29 distribution few years, with the construction of artificial coast, the coast of Rizhao City sea to the overall expansion, the total length of the total increase of 60.2 km, the land area increased 3601.6 Hm2, reduced by 438.2 hm2 at the same time, a net increase of 3163.4 hm2. length were reduced. Other types of coast of Rizhao Port and the port of Arashiyama is the most serious area for the influence of human activities, is also the most obvious change of coastline area. (2) the coast of Rizhao City is divided into three sections of research, through the image and data analysis one by one. The white horse mouth to Wan Ping section is the bedrock and sandy coast, affected by human activities is small, 1985-1992 horse pond estuary extension, the coastline to the sea during the period of 1985-2000 expansion, part of the existence of sandy coast coastal erosion phenomenon, the overall relatively stable. Wan Ping The mouth to the Futuan River estuary is mainly Sandy and artificial coast, Rizhao Port in Kui Shan Tsui built, to fill in the construction of road engineering method for port expansion of 833.8 hm2 in 2005-2014 years, 9 years, at present almost all the coastline into artificial coast. The Futuan River Estuary to the port section of embroidery needle River occurred dramatic changes in the two section, the Futuan River Estuary to the temple of a fishbone because of Fu Tuanhe to the sea sediment output continued siltation, for the expansion of the shoreline. Han yingzi to embroidery needle estuary of Arashiyama Port Development Zone, in 2005 after a drastic change, increased by 714.9 hm2. (3) of natural and human factors is two a driving force of the Rizhao City coast changes, natural factors include river sediment changes, sea-level rise, storm surge, topography, human factors including the construction of the port, beach sand, construction of pond. The port construction is the impact of Sunshine Coast The most notable factor of line change is human activity. The transformation of Rizhao coastline is the main factor that causes the change of coastline. (4) finally, suggestions for the protection and development of different coastline types in Rizhao City are put forward from four aspects: sandy coastline, coastal wetland, breeding area and port area.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P737.1;P715.7

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