海涂围垦城市利用型地区景观格局演变及优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 17:12

本文关键词： 景观分类景观格局指数连通性最小累积阻力模型连云新城　出处：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿地为地球生态系统生态服务功能之最，具有气候调节、水土保持、资源供给、生物遗传多样性保护等多种生态功能，因而被誉为“地球之肾”。海洋生态系统是沿海地区独特的、不可替代的生态环境资源，而且，随着城市化进程的加快，海涂围垦成为沿海地区保持人地平衡的一条重要途径。但是，海涂围垦用于城市建设彻底改变了沿海滩涂原有的景观格局，人为控制了景观格局演变进程，生态平衡遭到严重破坏，直接关系到区域生态安全和可持续发展战略。如何降低土地利用方式的变化对生态环境的冲击，景观生态学以其严谨的理论基础和方法论而成为解决这一问题的依托性手段。本文在国家海洋局海洋公益性项目的资助下，选取海涂围垦城市利用型地区——连云新城为研究对象，基于景观生态学原理，从以下几个方面对海涂围垦城市利用型地区景观格局演变及优化进行研究，其研究结果可以为海涂围垦地区生态建设与管理提供理论依据和实践指导。 1.选取连云新城地区1987年和2000年两个时期的Landsat TM多光谱遥感图和围垦后连云新城总体规划图作为基础数据。运用Erdas Imagine9.2对遥感图进行波段组合、裁剪、人机交互遥感解译，获得1987、2000年连云新城地区景观分类图。运用ArcGIS9.3对围垦后连云新城总体规划图进行分类重组，获得2015年连云新城景观分类图。 2.基于研究目的和各景观格局指数意义，分别在类别水平上和景观水平上选取了6种和7种景观格局指数。基于1987、2000、2015年景观分类图，运用Fragstats3.3软件对选取的各景观格局指数进行计算。通过对这些指数的分析，得到连云新城规划前处于自然湿地和人工湿地为主的农业利用型地区，规划后彻底转化为城市景观类型，人工景观占显著地位，表现出景观破碎程度高、景观多样性降低、连通性下降的景观格局特征。 3.选取整体连通性指数(IIC)、可能连通性指数(PC)、斑块重要值(dPC)3个连通性指标来定量化的研究水体连通性，通过ArcGIS9.3、Pathmatrix1.1和ConeforSensinode2.6这3个软件的联合使用，计算获得连通性指数结果。分析这三个指标得到：水体整体连通状况较差，面积大的、处于连通湿地和山体中心线上的斑块是连通功能发挥的关键，斑块重要性与水体的生态服务功能价值和空间位置密切相关。 4.在景观格局特征分析的基础上，以2015年的连云新城景观分类图为基础图，运用最小累积阻力模型，在ArcGIS9.3的空间分析功能下，基于水文分析原理和方法，对围垦后的连云新城地区进行景观格局优化。结果如下：获得生态廊道、辐射道和生态节点这些生态安全组分的空间布局；生态源地周围效应明显，建立源地缓冲带是保护生态源地的关键；生态廊道和辐射道是提高连通性的重要措施。
[Abstract]:Wetland is the most important ecological service for the earth ecosystem. It has many ecological functions, such as climate regulation, soil and water conservation, resource supply, biological genetic diversity protection and so on. The marine ecosystem is a unique and irreplaceable ecological environment resource in coastal areas. Moreover, with the acceleration of urbanization process, marine ecosystem is regarded as the "kidney of the earth". Coastal reclamation has become an important way to maintain human-land balance in coastal areas. However, coastal reclamation has completely changed the original landscape pattern of coastal beach and artificially controlled the evolution process of landscape pattern. Ecological balance has been seriously damaged, directly related to regional ecological security and sustainable development strategy. How to reduce the impact of changes in land use on the ecological environment. Landscape ecology, with its rigorous theoretical basis and methodology, has become a supporting means to solve this problem. This paper is funded by the oceanic public welfare project of the State Oceanic Administration. Based on the principle of landscape ecology, this paper studies the evolution and optimization of landscape pattern of coastal reclamation urban utilization area based on the principle of landscape ecology. The results can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for ecological construction and management in coastal reclamation areas. 1. Select Landsat from 1987 and 2000 in Lianyun Xincheng area. TM multispectral remote sensing map and total planning map of Lianyun New Town after reclamation were used as the basic data, and Erdas Imagine9.2 was used to combine the bands of the remote sensing images. Clipping, human-computer interactive remote sensing interpretation, obtained in 1987, 2000 Lianyun New City landscape classification map. The use of ArcGIS9.3 to reorganize the overall planning map of Lianyun New Town after reclamation. Obtained 2015 Lianyun New City landscape classification map. 2. Based on the purpose of the research and the significance of each landscape pattern index, six and seven landscape pattern indices were selected at the category level and the landscape level, respectively, based on 1987-2000. 2015 landscape classification map, using Fragstats3.3 software to calculate the selected landscape pattern index. Through the analysis of these indices. Before the planning of Lianyun New City in the natural wetland and artificial wetland agricultural utilization area completely transformed into the urban landscape type after the planning artificial landscape occupies a prominent position showing a high degree of landscape fragmentation. Landscape diversity decreased, connectivity decreased landscape pattern characteristics. 3. Three connectivity indexes, I. E. global connectivity index (IICA), possible connectivity index (PCG) and patch importance value (DPC), were selected to quantitatively study water connectivity. The software ArcGIS 9.3 / Pathmatrix1.1 and ConeforSensinode2.6 are used together. The results of connectivity index were calculated. By analyzing the three indexes, the following three indexes were obtained: the whole connectivity of water was poor, the area of the patch was large, and the patch on the connected wetland and the central line of mountain body was the key to the function of connectivity. The importance of patch is closely related to the ecological service function value and spatial position of water body. 4. On the basis of the analysis of landscape pattern characteristics, based on the landscape classification map of Lianyun New Town in 2015, using the minimum cumulative resistance model, under the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS9.3. Based on the principle and method of hydrological analysis, the landscape pattern of the reclaimed Lianyun Xincheng area is optimized. The results are as follows: the spatial distribution of ecological security components such as ecological corridor, radiation channel and ecological node are obtained; The surrounding effect of the ecological source is obvious, and the key to protect the ecological source is to establish the buffer zone of the source. Ecological corridors and radiation corridors are important measures to improve connectivity.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748;P901

【相似文献】